Back El Reno 2013 German Tornado de El Reno de 2013 Spanish Торнадо в Эль-Рино (2013) Russian 2013 El Reno tornado SIMPLE 2013年艾雷諾龍捲風 Chinese
 View of the tornado from the southeast at 6:28 p.m. CDT (2328 UTC) as it was nearing peak strength | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | May 31, 2013, 6:03 p.m. CDT (UTC–05:00) |
| Dissipated | May 31, 2013, 6:43 p.m. CDT (UTC–05:00) |
| Duration | 40 minutes |
| EF3 tornado | |
| on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
| Highest winds | |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 8 |
| Injuries | 151 |
| Areas affected | Canadian County, Oklahoma; especially areas to the south of El Reno |
Part of the tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013 | |
The 2013 El Reno tornado was an extremely large and powerful tornado[a] that occurred over rural areas of Central Oklahoma during the early evening of Friday, May 31, 2013. This rain-wrapped, multiple-vortex tornado was the widest tornado ever recorded and was part of a larger weather system that produced dozens of tornadoes over the preceding days. The tornado initially touched down at 6:03 p.m. Central Daylight Time (2303 UTC) about 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west-southwest of El Reno, rapidly growing in size and becoming more violent as it tracked through central portions of Canadian County. Remaining over mostly open terrain, the tornado did not impact many structures; however, measurements from mobile weather radars revealed extreme winds in excess of 313 mph (504 km/h)[1] within the vortex. These are among the highest observed wind speeds on Earth, just slightly lower than the wind speeds of the 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado. As it crossed U.S. 81, it had grown to a record-breaking width of 2.6 miles (4.2 km), beating the previous width record set in 2004. Turning northeastward, the tornado soon weakened. Upon crossing Interstate 40, the tornado dissipated around 6:43 p.m. CDT (2343 UTC), after tracking for 16.2 miles (26.1 km), it avoided affecting the more densely populated areas near and within the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.
The tornado killed four storm chasers (three professional and one amateur), the first known deaths in the history of storm chasing.[5] Although the tornado remained over mostly open terrain, dozens of storm chasers unaware of its immense size and erratic movement were caught off-guard. Near U.S. 81, TWISTEX scientist and engineer Tim Samaras, along with his son Paul and research partner Carl Young, died in the tornado. Paul Samaras and Young were ejected from their Chevrolet Cobalt by the storm's sub-vortex, while Tim was still buckled in the passenger's seat. Local resident Richard Henderson, who decided to follow the storm, lost his life in that same area. He snapped a picture of the tornado from his cellular phone before it struck him.[6] Other chasers, including Mike Bettes of The Weather Channel and Reed Timmer, were either injured or had their vehicles damaged. A Doppler on Wheels-based analysis of how the tornado impacted these teams revealed that they were hit by an intense internal sub-vortex.[7] Overall, the tornado was responsible for eight fatalities and 151 injuries.[8] Due to the ferocity and sheer size, as well as its irregular movement and the deaths linked with this tornado, it has become one of the most studied and infamous tornadoes ever. The National Weather Service referred to the tornado as "the most dangerous tornado in storm observing history."[9]
Alongside rush hour traffic, thousands of residents in Oklahoma City attempted to outrun the storm by taking to the roads in an attempt to drive out of the tornado's projected path. By attempting to escape the storm by vehicle, in direct contrast to the recommended plan of action, residents put themselves at great risk from the storm; had the tornado maintained itself and passed over the congested freeways, more than 500 lives could have been lost.[10]
- ^ a b Bluestein, Howard B.; Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Houser, Jana B. (June 1, 2015). "A Multiscale Overview of the El Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013". Weather and Forecasting. 30 (3): 525–552. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00152.1. ISSN 1520-0434.
- ^ Lyza, Anthony W.; Flournoy, Matthew D.; Alford, A. Addison (March 19, 2024). "Comparison of Tornado Damage Characteristics to Low-Altitude WSR-88D Radar Observations and Implications for Tornado Intensity Estimation". Monthly Weather Review. -1 (aop). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and University of Oklahoma via the American Meteorological Society. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-23-0242.1. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
- ^ Bluestein, Howard B.; Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Houser, Jana B. (2015). "A Multiscale Overview of the el Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013". Weather and Forecasting. 30 (3): 525–552. Bibcode:2015WtFor..30..525B. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00152.1.
- ^ "The May 31, 2013 El Reno, OK Tornado". National Weather Service, Norman, OK. Archived from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
- ^ Ian Livingston; Mark Ellinwood (June 3, 2013). "The storm chaser dilemma and choice to sit out the May 31 Oklahoma City tornadoes". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
- ^ Nolan Clay (June 3, 2013). "Oklahoma storms: Amateur storm chaser took photo of tornado that killed him". The Oklahoman. Oklahoma Publishing Company. Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
- ^ Joshua Wurman; Karen Kosiba; Paul Robinson; Tim Marshall (2014). "The Role of Multiple-Vortex Tornado Structure in Causing Storm Researcher Fatalities". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 95 (1). BAMS American Meteorological Society: 31–45. Bibcode:2014BAMS...95...31W. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00221.1.
- ^ Mark Johnson (September 1, 2013). "Historic El Reno, OK tornado is downgraded by National Weather Service". WEWS-TV. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
NWSNormanMay31was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Jeff Masters (June 1, 2013). "A Night of Tornado Chaos in Oklahoma City: 9 Killed, 71 Injured". Weather Underground. The Weather Company. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).