Back روبيان ملحي Arabic روبيان ملحى ARZ Artemia Azerbaijani ارتمیا AZB Артемии Bulgarian Artèmia Catalan Artemia CEB Artemia Czech Saltsøkrebs Danish Artemia German
| Brine shrimp | |
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| Artemia salina mating pair – female left, male right | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Branchiopoda |
| Subclass: | Sarsostraca |
| Order: | Anostraca |
| Suborder: | Artemiina |
| Family: | Artemiidae Grochowski, 1895 |
| Genus: | Artemia Leach, 1819 |
| Species[1] | |
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Artemia is a genus of aquatic crustaceans also known as brine shrimp or sea monkeys. It is the only genus in the family Artemiidae. The first historical record of the existence of Artemia dates back to the first half of the 10th century AD from Lake Urmia, Iran, with an example called by an Iranian geographer an "aquatic dog",[2] although the first unambiguous record is the report and drawings made by Schlösser in 1757 of animals from Lymington, England.[3] Artemia populations are found worldwide, typically in inland saltwater lakes, but occasionally in oceans. Artemia are able to avoid cohabiting with most types of predators, such as fish, by their ability to live in waters of very high salinity (up to 25%).[4]
The ability of the Artemia to produce dormant eggs, known as cysts, has led to extensive use of Artemia in aquaculture. The cysts may be stored indefinitely and hatched on demand to provide a convenient form of live feed for larval fish and crustaceans.[4] Nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia constitute the most widely used food item, and over 2,000 metric tons (2,200 short tons) of dry Artemia cysts are marketed worldwide annually with most of the cysts being harvested from the Great Salt Lake in Utah.[5] In addition, the resilience of Artemia makes them ideal animals for running biological toxicity assays and it has become a model organism used to test the toxicity of chemicals. Breeds of Artemia are sold as novelty gifts under the marketing name Sea-Monkeys.
- ^ Alireza Asem (2023). "Phylogenetic analysis of problematic Asian species of Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea, Anostraca), with the descriptions of two new species". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 83: 1–25.
- ^ Alireza Asem; Amin Eimanifar (2016). "Updating historical record on brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Urmia Lake (Iran) in the first half of the 10th century AD" (PDF). International Journal of Aquatic Science. 7: 1–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
- ^ Alireza Asem (2008). "Historical record on brine shrimp Artemia more than one thousand years ago from Urmia Lake, Iran" (PDF). Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki. 9: 113–114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2013-05-17.
- ^ a b Martin Daintith (1996). Rotifers and Artemia for Marine Aquaculture: a Training Guide. University of Tasmania. OCLC 222006176.
- ^ "Introduction, biology and ecology of Artemia". Retrieved 15 October 2022.