The captivity of Nairs at Seringapatam was imposed on the Nairs of Malabar by Tipu Sultan, the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1786 to 1799. They were subjected to forcible conversions to Sunni Islam, the official religious sect sanctioned by the Ottoman Caliphate, whose approval and alliance was sought by Tippu Sultan.[1][2][3][4][5] Those who refused conversions had to face many humiliations, hardships, torture, and even death.[6][7] The Nairs were treated with extreme brutality due to their strong adherence to the Hindu faith and martial tradition.[8][9][10] The captivity ended when Nair troops from Travancore defeated Tipu in the Third Anglo-Mysore War.[11][12] It is estimated that out of the 30,000 Nairs put to captivity (including women and children), only a few hundred returned to Malabar alive.[12][13]
North Malabar was divided into the Nair principalities of Chirakkal, Kadattanad, Kottayam, Kurangod and the Moplah principality of Cannanore which owed nominal allegiance to Chirakkal. South Malabar was divided between the Zamorin of Calicut and the Raja of Cochin.[14]
- ^ Potter, L. (5 January 2009). The Persian Gulf in History. Springer. ISBN 9780230618459.
- ^ Hardiman, David (March 2021). Noncooperation in India: Nonviolent Strategy and Protest, 1920-22. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-758056-1.
- ^ "OPINION | Khilafat: Scriptural Sanction and Historical Antecedents". www.news18.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Tipu Sultan's relations with the Ottoman Empire – 5-Minute History". fiveminthistory.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Two-faced Tipu Sultan: Political double trouble | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". Archived from the original on 9 December 2017.
- ^ Fernandes 1969, p. 120
- ^ Knight 1858, p. 94
- ^ Sharma 1991, pp. 34–35
- ^ Punganuri 1849, p. 40
- ^ Palsokar 1969, pp. 75–79
- ^ Craik & MacFarlane 1847, p. 161
- ^ a b Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) 1842, p. 494
- ^ Prabhu 1999, p. 250
- ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (1 December 2005). History of Tipu Sultan. Aakar Books. p. 140. ISBN 9788187879572. Retrieved 14 February 2014.