Citation index

A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service (established in 1907) into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing ^[1] was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented.^[2] Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.^[3]

^ Giles, C. Lee, Kurt D. Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. "CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system." In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, pp. 89-98. 1998.
^ SR Lawrence, KD Bollacker, CL Giles "Autonomous citation indexing and literature browsing using citation context; US Patent 6,738,780, 2004.
^ Hutchins, BI; Baker, KL; Davis, MT; Diwersy, MA; Haque, E; Harriman, RM; Hoppe, TA; Leicht, SA; Meyer, P; Santangelo, GM (October 2019). "The NIH Open Citation Collection: A public access, broad coverage resource". PLOS Biology. 17 (10): e3000385. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000385. PMC 6786512. PMID 31600197.