Back دينيس ستشماندت بيسيرات ARZ Denise Schmandt-Besserat Catalan Denise Schmandt-Besserat German Denise Schmandt-Besserat Esperanto Denise Schmandt-Besserat Spanish Denise Schmandt-Besserat French Denise Schmandt-Besserat Italian Denise Schmandt-Besserat Portuguese Шмандт-Бессера, Дениз Russian Деніз Шмандт Бессерат Ukrainian
Denise Schmandt-Besserat (born August 10, 1933 in Ay, Marne, France) is a French-American archaeologist and retired professor of art and archaeology of the ancient Near East. She spent much of her professional career as a professor at the University of Texas.[1] She is best known for her work on the history and invention of writing. While her research is highly cited, it has been controversial among scholars.[2][3] The controversies, as detailed below, concern the interpretation of early tokens, particularly the complex ones; however, the idea that writing emerged out of the counting, cataloging, management, and transactions of agricultural produce has been largely accepted.
- ^ Austin American-Statesman, Michael Barnes, The Austinite who discovered origin of writing, 3 July 2016, p. D1
- ^ Michalowski, Piotr (1993). "Tokenism: Before Writing, Volume 1: From Counting to Cuneiform. Before Writing, Volume 2: A Catalog of Near Eastern Tokens". American Anthropologist. 95 (4): 996–999. doi:10.1525/aa.1993.95.4.02a00110. ISSN 0002-7294.
- ^ Chrisomalis, Stephen, "The Origins and Co-Evolution of Literacy and Numeracy", The Cambridge Handbook of Literacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 59–74, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609664.005, retrieved 2022-04-26