Back Antiguos Movimientos de Liberación del Sur de África Spanish Bivši osloboditeljski pokreti južne Afrike Croatian Бывшие освободительные движения Южной Африки Russian Колишні визвольні рухи південної Африки Ukrainian 南部非洲前解放运动 Chinese
The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.[1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe).[2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party, the ruling party of Botswana, joined the FLMSA.[2][3]
- ^ "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ a b Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.