Back খ্রি-উ-দুম-ব্ত্সান Bengali/Bangla དར་མ་འུ་དུམ་བཙན། Tibetan Langdarma Czech Lang Darma German Langdarma Spanish Langdarma Estonian Langdarma French वुदुम चन्पो Hindi Langdarma Hungarian Langdarma ID
| Langdarma གླང་དར་མ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsenpo | |||||
| King of Tibet | |||||
| Reign | 841–842 | ||||
| Predecessor | Ralpalchen | ||||
| Successor | None Era of Fragmentation | ||||
| Born | Darma after 790s? | ||||
| Died | 842 | ||||
| Burial | Trülgyel Mausoleum, Valley of the Kings | ||||
| Spouse | Manamza Tsépongza Tsen Mopen | ||||
| Issue | Tride Yumten Namde Ösung | ||||
| |||||
| Lönchen | We Gyaltore Taknye | ||||
| House | Yarlung Dynasty | ||||
| Father | Sadnalegs | ||||
| Mother | Droza Lhagyel Mangmojé | ||||
| Religion | Bön | ||||
| Langdarma | |||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibetan | གླང་དར་མ། འུ་དུམ་བཙན་པོ | ||||||
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Darma U Dum Tsen (Tibetan: དར་མ་འུ་དུམ་བཙན, Wylie: dar ma 'u dum btsan), better known as Langdarma (Tibetan: གླང་དར་མ།, Wylie: glang dar ma, THL: Lang Darma, lit. "Mature Bull" or "Darma the Bull") was the 42nd and last king of the Tibetan Empire who in 838 killed his brother, King Ralpachen, then reigned from 841 to 842 CE before he himself was assassinated.[1] His reign led to the dissolution of the Tibetan Empire, which had extended beyond the Tibetan Plateau to include the Silk Roads with the Tibetan imperial manuscript center at Sachu (Dunhuang), and neighbouring regions in China, East Turkestan, Afghanistan, and India.[2][3]
Earlier in his life as a Tibetan prince, Langdarma was Buddhist, but under the influence of Wégyel Toré (Wylie: dbas rgyal to re), he became a follower of Bon, after which he assassinated his brother King Ralpachen,[4] in 838. Following this, he widely persecuted Tibetan monks, nuns, and destroyed their monasteries[4] which were those of the Nyingma school, the only school of Tibetan Buddhism at that time.
Langdarma only reigned for a year to a year and a half,[4][1] before his own death. Another source says the reign was either six or thirteen years.[5] A Buddhist hermit or monk named Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje is often credited with assassinating Langdarma in 842,[1] or in 846,[5][6] but other sources credit Nyingma master Nubchen Sangye Yeshe with frightening him to death[1] after Langdarma threatened the practitioners in Nubchen Sangye Yeshe's monastic institute.[7] His death was followed by civil war and the dissolution of the Tibetan empire, leading to the Era of Fragmentation.[3]
- ^ a b c d Arthur Mandelbaum, "Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje", Treasury of Lives, 2007.
- ^ Claude Arpi, "Glimpses on the History of Tibet", Dharamsala: Tibet Museum, 2013.
- ^ a b Samten Karmay in McKay, Alex (2003). Tibet and her neighbours : a history. London: Edition Hansjörg Meyer. ISBN 3883757187., pg. 57
- ^ a b c "History of Meru Nyingpa Monastery", Places, Monasteries, The Himalayan Library
- ^ a b Stein, R. A. (1972). Tibetan civilization ([English ed.]. ed.). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-8047-0901-7., pp. 70-71
- ^ Beckwith, Christopher I. (1993). The Tibetan empire in Central Asia : a history of the struggle for great power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the early Middle Ages (4. print., and 1st pbk. ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 0-691-02469-3., pp. 168-169
- ^ John Myrdhin Reynolds, "The Golden Letters", Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1996