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List of Major League Baseball players with a .400 batting average in a season

A man, wearing a baseball cap with the Detroit Tigers' Old English "D" logo in the center and an off-white baseball uniform with obscured lettering, faces forward towards the right.
A man, wearing a baseball cap and a white baseball uniform with the letter "W" on the left breast, faces forward towards the left.
A man in an off-white jersey and pants, a baseball cap with the letter "B" in the center, and dark baseball socks leans forward holding a baseball bat with both hands.
Oscar Charleston, Ty Cobb, Ed Delahanty, Josh Gibson, and Rogers Hornsby (left to right) are the only players to record a .400 batting average in three different seasons.

In baseball, batting average (AVG) is a measure of a batter's success rate in achieving a hit during an at bat,[1] and is calculated by dividing a player's hits by his at bats.[2] The achievement of a .400 batting average in a season is recognized as the coveted "standard of hitting excellence",[3] in light of how batting .300 in a season is already regarded as solid.[4][5] Forty-two players have recorded a batting average of at least .400 in a single Major League Baseball (MLB) season as of 2023,[A], but none have done so for more than 75 years. The last to do so were Bill Terry in the National League (1930), Ted Williams in the American League (1941),[6] and Willard Brown and Artie Wilson in the Negro American League (1948). Five players – Ed Delahanty, Ty Cobb, Rogers Hornsby, Oscar Charleston, and Josh Gibson – have accomplished the feat in three different seasons,[7][8] the highest batting average for a single season was .4711 single-season record established by Tetelo Vargas in 1943.[9] Ross Barnes was the first player to bat .400 in a season, posting a .429 batting average in the National League's inaugural 1876 season.[10][11]

In total, 42 players have reached the .400 mark in MLB history and nine have done so more than once. Of these, twenty one were right-handed batters, nineteen were left-handed, and two were switch hitter, meaning they could bat from either side of the plate. Three of these players (Terry, Leonard and Williams) played for only one major league team. The Philadelphia Phillies are the only franchise to have four players reach the milestone while on their roster: Delahanty, Billy Hamilton, Sam Thompson, and Tuck Turner, all of whom attained a batting average over .400 during the 1894 season.[12][13] Three players won the Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in the same year as their .400 season.[14] Tip O'Neill, Nap Lajoie, Josh Gibson, Willie Wells, Mule Suttles, Oscar Charleston (3 times), Heavy Johnson and Rogers Hornsby (twice) also earned the Triple Crown alongside achieving a .400 batting average, leading their respective leagues in batting average, home runs and runs batted in (RBI).[15] Although Ray Dandridge's .432 batting average in 1934 did not earn him the Negro National League's batting title,[16] it established a major league record for a rookie that stands to this day.[17] Fred Dunlap has the lowest career batting average among players who have batted .400 in a season with .292, while Cobb – with .366 – recorded the highest career average in major league history.[18]

Given the decades that have elapsed since Brown and Wilson became the last players to achieve the feat and the integral changes to the way the game of baseball is played since then – such as the increased utilization of specialized relief pitchers[19][20] – a writer for The Washington Post called the mark "both mystical and unattainable".[21] Consequently, modern day attempts to reach the hallowed mark by Rod Carew (.388 in 1977), George Brett (.390 in 1980) and Tony Gwynn (.394 in the strike-shortened 1994 season) have generated considerable hype among fans and in the media.[22][23][24] Of the thirty-four players eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame who have batted .400 in a season, twenty-four have been elected and two were elected on the first ballot.[25] Players are eligible for the Hall of Fame if they have played in at least 10 MLB seasons, and have either been retired for five seasons or deceased for at least six months.[26] These requirements leave seven players ineligible who did not play in at least 10 seasons.[27][28] Shoeless Joe Jackson is ineligible for the Hall of Fame because he was permanently banned from baseball in 1921 for his involvement in the Black Sox Scandal.[29][30]

  1. ^ "Guide to baseball". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  2. ^ "Official Rules: 9.21 – Determining Percentage Records" (PDF). MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  3. ^ Marshall, Brian. "The Three, or Was It Two, .400 Hitters of 1922". Baseball Research Journal. Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  4. ^ McNeal, Stan (August 29, 2014). "For major league hitters, .280 is the new .300". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  5. ^ Crouch, Ian (September 24, 2014). "The Death of the .300 Hitter". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  6. ^ Dwyre, Bill (September 29, 2011). "This is the way to go out hitting". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  7. ^ Saccoman, John. "Ed Delahanty". The Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on August 31, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  8. ^ "Rogers Hornsby". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  9. ^ Lamb, Bill. "Hugh Duffy". The Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on June 24, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  10. ^ Appel, Marty (March 18, 1999). Slide, Kelly, Slide: The Wild Life and Times of Mike King Kelly. Scarecrow Press. p. 25. ISBN 9781461671206. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  11. ^ Willis, Jasmine (November 11, 2015). "The legend the Baseball Hall of Fame forgot". Genesee Country Express. Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  12. ^ Mancuso, Peter. "Tuck Turner's Magical 1894 Phillies Season". The National Pastime. Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  13. ^ Shenk, Larry (September 19, 2010). "Profile from the past: Ed Delahanty". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2016. The Phillies' outfield in 1894 had four players that hit .400 or better, Delahanty (.404, 116 games), Thompson (.407, 102 games), Hamilton (.404, 132 games) and Tuck Turner (.416, 82 games).
  14. ^ "Most Valuable Player MVP Awards & Cy Young Awards Winners". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  15. ^ "Triple Crown Winners". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  16. ^ "1911 AL Batting Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  17. ^ Fleitz, David. "Shoeless Joe Jackson". The Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  18. ^ "Career Leaders & Records for Batting Average". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  19. ^ Pennington, Bill (September 17, 2011). "Ted Williams's .406 Is More Than a Number". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  20. ^ Brown, Justin (September 17, 2011). "Why no one bats .400 anymore". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  21. ^ Svrluga, Barry (June 20, 2016). "Why batting .400 has become baseball's unhittable benchmark". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  22. ^ Singer, Tom (September 17, 2010). "Summer of .400: Brett looks back 30 years later". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Archived from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  23. ^ Sanders, Jeff (August 4, 2014). "Gwynn's chase for .400 still revered". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  24. ^ Reusse, Patrick (December 24, 2016). "Twins should consider a celebration of Rod Carew's pursuit of .400". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  25. ^ "Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  26. ^ "Rules for Election". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on May 30, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference barnesref was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference turnerref was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Robinson, Mandrallius (September 1, 2015). "Shoeless Joe remains banned from MLB, Hall of Fame". The Greenville News. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  30. ^ "The Chicago Black Sox banned from baseball". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. November 19, 2003. Archived from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.


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