Eugeroic medication
Modafinil Trade names Provigil, Alertec, Modavigil, others Other names CRL-40476; Diphenylmethyl-sulfinylacetamide AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a602016 License data
Pregnancy category Dependence liability Relatively low[2] Addiction liability Low[2] Routes of administration By mouth [3] Drug class CNS stimulant eugeroic ATC code Legal status
Protein binding 62.3% Metabolism Liver (primarily via amide hydrolysis );[9] CYP1A2 , CYP2B6 , CYP2C9 , CYP2C19 , CYP3A4 , CYP3A5 involved[11] Elimination half-life 12–15 h[9] Duration of action 11.5 h[10] Excretion Urine (80%)
2-(diphenylmethanesulfinyl)acetamide
CAS Number PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.168.719 Formula C 15 H 15 N O 2 S Molar mass 273.35 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol )
O=S(C(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2)CC(=O)N
InChI=1S/C15H15NO2S/c16-14(17)11-19(18)15(12-7-3-1-4-8-12)13-9-5-2-6-10-13/h1-10,15H,11H2,(H2,16,17)
Y Key:YFGHCGITMMYXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y
(verify)
Modafinil , sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a wakefulness-promoting medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy .[3] [8] [12] Modafinil is also approved for stimulating wakefulness in people with sleep apnea and shift work sleep disorder .[3] It is taken by mouth .[3] [8] Modafinil is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in people under age 17.[8]
Modafinil has potential for causing severe allergic reactions , mental (psychiatric) effects,[3] hypersensitivity , adverse interactions with prescription drugs , and misuse or abuse .[3] [8] [12] Modafinil may harm the fetus if taken during or two months prior to pregnancy.[13]
While modafinil is used as a cognitive enhancer or "smart drug" among healthy individuals seeking improved focus and productivity,[14] [15] its use outside medical supervision raises concerns regarding potential misuse or abuse.[3] [8] [16] Research on the cognitive enhancement effects of modafinil in non-sleep-deprived individuals has yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting modest improvements in attention and executive functions, while others show no significant benefits or even a decline in cognitive functions at high doses.[17] [18]
^ a b "TGA eBS - Product and Consumer Medicine Information Licence" . Archived from the original on February 28, 2024. Retrieved February 28, 2024 .
^ a b c Cite error: The named reference modafinil-schedule-IV-1999
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ a b c d e f g "Modafinil Monograph for Professionals" . Drugs.com . American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. September 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2024 .
^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)" . nctr-crs.fda.gov . FDA . Retrieved October 22, 2023 .
^ "RDC Nº 784 – Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 – Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published April 4, 2023). March 31, 2023. Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023 .
^ "Modafinil Product information" . Health Canada . April 25, 2012. Archived from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2022 .
^ "Modafinil Provigil 100 mg Tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics (SMPC) – (Emc)" . emc . June 9, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 1, 2023 .
^ a b c d e f "Provigil- modafinil tablet" . DailyMed . November 30, 2018. Archived from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2022 .
^ a b Robertson P, Hellriegel ET (2003). "Clinical pharmacokinetic profile of modafinil". Clinical Pharmacokinetics . 42 (2): 123–137. doi :10.2165/00003088-200342020-00002 . PMID 12537513 . S2CID 1266677 .
^ Cite error: The named reference pmid22375280
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Robertson P, DeCory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A (June 2000). "In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil". Drug Metabolism and Disposition . 28 (6): 664–671. PMID 10820139 .
^ a b "Modafinil" . MedlinePlus . US National Library of Medicine. February 15, 2016. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2024 .
^ Kaplan S, Braverman DL, Frishman I, Bartov N (February 2021). "Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes Following Exposure to Modafinil and Armodafinil During Pregnancy" . JAMA Internal Medicine . 181 (2): 275–277. doi :10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4009 . PMC 7573789 . PMID 33074297 .
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