Back معين الدين الجشتي Arabic মইনুদ্দিন চিশতী Bengali/Bangla Moínuddín Čiští Czech Muinuddin Chishti German معینالدین چشتی Persian Hoca Garip Nevaz GAG मोइनुद्दीन चिश्ती Hindi Mu'in al-Din Chishti ID Mo'inoddin Cishti Italian ムイーヌッディーン・チシュティー Japanese
Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī | |
|---|---|
 A Mughal miniature representing Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī | |
| Title | Khwaja |
| Personal | |
| Born | Sayyed Muinuddin Hassan 1 February 1143 |
| Died | 15 March 1236 (aged 93)[citation needed] |
| Resting place | Ajmer Sharif Dargah |
| Religion | Islam |
| Flourished | Islamic golden age |
| Children | Three sons—Abū Saʿīd, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn and Ḥusām al-Dīn — and one daughter Bībī Jamāl. |
| Parent(s) | Khwāja G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Ḥasan, Umm al-Wara |
| Denomination | Sunni[3][4] |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Creed | Maturidi |
| Tariqa | Chishti (Founder) |
| Other names | Khwaja Ghareeb Nawaz, Sultan Ul Hind, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty , Khwaja-e-Khwajgan |
| Profession | Islamic preacher |
| Muslim leader | |
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Influenced
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| Profession | Islamic preacher |
| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Sijzī (1143–1236), known more commonly as Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī or Moinuddin Chishti, or by the epithet Gharib Nawaz (lit. 'comfort to the poor'),[6] or reverently as Shaykh Muʿīn al-Dīn or Khwāja Muʿīn al-Dīn (Urdu: معین الدین چشتی), was a Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, religious scholar, philosopher and mystic from Sistan, who eventually ended up settling in the Indian subcontinent in the early 13th-century, where he promulgated the famous Chishtiyya order of Sunni mysticism. This particular tariqa (order) became the dominant Islamic spiritual order in medieval India. Most of the Indian Sunni saints[4][8][9] are Chishti in their affiliation, including Nizamuddin Awliya (d. 1325) and Amir Khusrow (d. 1325).[6]
Having arrived in Delhi Sultanate during the reign of the sultan Iltutmish (d. 1236), Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from Delhi to Ajmer shortly thereafter, at which point he became increasingly influenced by the writings of the famous Sunni Hanbali scholar and mystic ʿAbdallāh Anṣārī (d. 1088), whose famous work on the lives of the early Islamic saints, the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya, may have played a role in shaping Muʿīn al-Dīn's worldview.[6] It was during his time in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired the reputation of being a charismatic and compassionate spiritual preacher and teacher; and biographical accounts of his life written after his death report that he received the gifts of many "spiritual marvels (karāmāt), such as miraculous travel, clairvoyance, and visions of angels"[10] in these years of his life. Muʿīn al-Dīn seems to have been unanimously regarded as a great saint after his death.[6]
Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī's legacy rests primarily on his having been "one of the most outstanding figures in the annals of Islamic mysticism."[2] Additionally, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is also notable, according to John Esposito, for having been one of the first major Islamic mystics to formally allow his followers to incorporate the "use of music" in their devotions, liturgies, and hymns to God, which he did in order to make the 'foreign' Arab faith more relatable to the indigenous peoples who had recently entered the religion.[11]
- ^ "Chishti, Mu'in al-Din Muhammad". Oxford Islamic Studies.
- ^ a b Nizami, K.A., "Čis̲h̲tī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- ^ Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield, Telling and Texts: Music, Literature, and Performance in North India (Open Book Publishers, 2015), p. 463
- ^ a b Arya, Gholam-Ali and Negahban, Farzin, "Chishtiyya", in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary: "The followers of the Chishtiyya Order, which has the largest following among Sufi orders in the Indian subcontinent, are Ḥanafī Sunni Muslims."
- ^ a b Ḥamīd al-Dīn Nāgawrī, Surūr al-ṣudūr; cited in Auer, Blain, "Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
- ^ a b c d e f g Blain Auer, "Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
- ^ a b Arya, Gholam-Ali; Negahban, Farzin. "Chishtiyya". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica.
- ^ See Andrew Rippin (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to the Quran (John Wiley & Sons, 2008), p. 357.
- ^ M. Ali Khan and S. Ram, Encyclopaedia of Sufism: Chisti Order of Sufism and Miscellaneous Literature (Anmol, 2003), p. 34.
- ^ Muḥammad b. Mubārak Kirmānī, Siyar al-awliyāʾ, Lahore 1978, pp. 54-58.
- ^ John Esposito (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (Oxford, 2004), p. 53