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Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī (Mullā Ṣadrā) | |
|---|---|
 Entrance to Mulla Sadra's House in Kahak, Qom | |
| Personal | |
| Born | c. 1571/2 CE / 980 AH |
| Died | c. 1635/40 / 1050 AH |
| Religion | Islam |
| Era | Post-Classical Islamic philosophy |
| Region | Safavid Persia |
| Denomination | Shia |
| Creed | Twelver |
| Main interest(s) | Islamic Philosophy, Illuminationism, Transcendent theosophy, Irfan, Tafsir |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā[1] (Persian: ملا صدرا; Arabic: صدر المتألهین; c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian[2][3][4][5] Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, theologian, and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman, Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years.[6][7]
Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’āliyah.
Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality" and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philosophy,[8] although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to God, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism.
Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism, Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi's Illuminationist philosophy, Ibn Arabi's Sufi metaphysics, and the theology of the Sunni Ash'ari school of Kalam into the framework of Twelver Shi'ism.
His main work is The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect, or simply Four Journeys, In which he attempted to reach Sufism and prove the idea of Unity of Existence by offering a new intake and perspective on Peripatetic philosophy that was offered by Alpharabius and Avicenna in the Islamic world.
- ^ Morris, James W. (1 September 2005). "Revelation, Intellectual Intuition and Reason in the Philosophy of Mulla Sadra: An Analysis of the al-Hikmah al-ʿArshiyya. By Zailan Moris (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003), 238 pp. Price PB £18.99 ISBN 0–700–71503–7". Journal of Islamic Studies. 16 (3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 360–362. doi:10.1093/jis/eti155. ISSN 1471-6917.
- ^ "Mulla Sadra's Life and Philosophy – London Academy of Iranian Studies". 7 December 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ "ملاصدرا کیست | زندگینامه، نظریات، اشعار و آثار". کجارو (in Persian). 14 June 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ "British Art Studies". Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. doi:10.17658/issn.2058-5462. ISSN 2058-5462.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Bloch, Ernst (2019). Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 87. ISBN 9780231175357.
A reference to the work of Mulla Sadra, or Sadr ad-Din Muhammad Shirazi (ca. 1571-1640), a Persian philosopher and theologian.
- ^ Leaman 2013, p.146.
- ^ Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirazi) (1571/2-1640) by John Cooper
- ^ Kamal, Muhammad (2006), Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., pp. 9, 39, ISBN 0-7546-5271-8