Oscar Underwood

Oscar Underwood
Senate Minority Leader
In office April 27, 1920 – December 3, 1923
Deputy	Peter G. Gerry
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Joseph Taylor Robinson
Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus
In office April 27, 1920 – December 3, 1923
Preceded by	Gilbert Hitchcock (acting)
Succeeded by	Joseph Taylor Robinson
United States Senator from Alabama
In office March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1927
Preceded by	Francis S. White
Succeeded by	Hugo Black
House Majority Leader
In office March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1915
Preceded by	Sereno E. Payne
Succeeded by	Claude Kitchin
House Minority Whip
In office March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901
Leader	James D. Richardson
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	James T. Lloyd
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 9th district
In office March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1915
Preceded by	Truman H. Aldrich
Succeeded by	George Huddleston
In office March 4, 1895 – June 9, 1896
Preceded by	Louis W. Turpin
Succeeded by	Truman H. Aldrich
Personal details
Born	Oscar Wilder Underwood (1862-05-06)May 6, 1862 Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	January 25, 1929(1929-01-25) (aged 66) Accotink, Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouses	Eugenia Massie ​ ​ (m. 1885; died 1900)​ Bertha Woodward ​ (m. 1904)​
Education	University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Oscar Wilder Underwood (May 6, 1862 – January 25, 1929) was an American lawyer and politician from Alabama, and also a candidate for President of the United States in 1912 and 1924. He was the first formally designated floor leader in the United States Senate, and the only individual to serve as the Democratic leader in both the Senate and the United States House of Representatives.^[1]

Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Underwood began a legal career in Minnesota after graduating from the University of Virginia. He moved his legal practice to Birmingham, Alabama, in 1884 and won election to the House of Representatives in 1894. Underwood served as House Majority Leader from 1911 to 1915, and was a strong supporter of President Woodrow Wilson's progressive agenda and a prominent advocate of a reduction in the tariff. He sponsored the Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood Tariff, which lowered tariff rates and imposed a federal income tax. He won election to the Senate in 1914 and served as Senate Minority Leader from 1920 to 1923. He unsuccessfully opposed federal Prohibition, arguing that state and local governments should regulate alcohol.

Underwood sought the presidential nomination at the 1912 Democratic National Convention, but the convention selected Woodrow Wilson after forty-six ballots. He declined the vice presidential nomination, which instead went to Thomas R. Marshall. Underwood ran for president again in 1924, entering the 1924 Democratic National Convention as a prominent conservative opponent of the Ku Klux Klan.^[2] One of the few prominent anti-Klan politicians in the South at the time, Underwood and his supporters narrowly failed to win adoption of a Democratic resolution condemning the Klan. He experienced a boomlet of support on the 101st presidential ballot of the convention, but the Democrats nominated John W. Davis as a compromise candidate. Underwood declined to run for re-election in 1926 and retired to his Woodlawn plantation in Fairfax County, Virginia, where he died in 1929.