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Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro

Jair Bolsonaro
Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro
1 January 2019 – 1 January 2023
Vice President
CabinetSee list
PartyLiberal[1]
Election2018
SeatPalácio da Alvorada

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Jair Bolsonaro
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The presidency of Jair Bolsonaro started on January 1, 2019, when he was inaugurated as the 38th president of Brazil, and ended on December 31, 2022,[2] with the inauguration of the cabinet of Lula da Silva III on January 1, 2023. He was elected the president of Brazil on October 28, 2018, by obtaining 55.1% of the valid votes in the 2018 Brazilian general election, defeating Fernando Haddad.[3] On October 30, 2022, Bolsonaro was defeated by Lula da Silva.[4] In the years Brazil has been a democracy since 1985, Bolsonaro became the first president to lose an election as an incumbent.[4]

His government was characterized by the strong presence of ministers with a military background, international alignment with the populist right and autocratic leaders,[5][6] and was recognized for his anti-environmental,[7][8] anti-indigenous people[9][10] and pro gun policies.[11][12] He was also responsible for a broad dismantling of cultural,[13][14] scientific and educational government programs,[15][16][17] in addition to promoting repeated attacks on democratic institutions[18][19] and spreading fake news.[20] His government was responsible for a significant reduction in bureaucracy and modernization of public systems, with the fast paced digitization of federal public services, through the creation of the digital platform "gov.br".[21] Bolsonaro also sanctioned the Economic Freedom Act, reducing bureaucracy in economic activities and facilitating the opening and operation of businesses throughout the country, which proved very beneficial, especially for small companies.[22]

During his administration crime dropped across the country[23] and unemployment rates slowly fell,[24] with the brazilian GDP showing a moderate growth rate, averaging 1.5% per year.[25] At the same time, job insecurity,[26][27][28][29] inflation[30] and hunger increased,[31] while per capita income, social inequality and poverty reached its worst levels since 2012.[32]

  1. ^ "Brazil's Bolsonaro officially joins centre-right Liberal Party". Aljazeera.com. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  2. ^ Tegel, Simeon (31 October 2018). "Will Bolsonaro's victory in Brazil usher right-wing ripple effects in Latin America?". NBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  3. ^ Phillips, Tom; Phillips, Dom (29 October 2018). "Jair Bolsonaro declared Brazil's next president". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Lula defeats Bolsonaro to again become Brazil's president". CNBC. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  5. ^ "", BBC Brasil, accessed in 20 April 2023.
  6. ^ "Governo Bolsonaro usa fé cristã como eixo de política externa". Revista Exame, accessed in 20 April 2020.
  7. ^ "'A boiada passou e corre o risco de passar de novo': as preocupações de ambientalistas um ano após reunião ministerial de Bolsonaro", BBC Brasil, accessed in 15 April 2022.
  8. ^ "A Amazônia e o antiambientalismo de resultados", Le Monde Diplomatique, accessed in 15 April 2022.
  9. ^ "O governo Bolsonaro e o anticonstitucionalismo contra os povos indígenas", Le Monde Diplomatique, accessed in 16 April 2022.
  10. ^ "Os 5 principais pontos de conflito entre governo Bolsonaro e indígenas", BBC Brasil, accessed in 16 April 2022.
  11. ^ "Brasil triplica registro de armas novas durante o governo Bolsonaro", Revista Veja, accessed in 21 April 2022.
  12. ^ "Desde início do governo, Bolsonaro mudou 31 vezes a política de armas no Brasil", CNN Brasil, accessed in 21 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Política Cultural do governo Bolsonaro". Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais, accessed in 5 February 2020
  14. ^ Vilela, Soraia. "Após desmonte sob Bolsonaro, setor cultural espera retomada". Deutsche Welle Brasil, 29/11/2022
  15. ^ "O conturbado legado de Bolsonaro para ciência, saúde e meio ambiente". Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, 28/09/2022
  16. ^ Santiago, Abinoan. "Cortes de verbas, atritos e 5G: o legado do governo Bolsonaro na ciência".
  17. ^ Marques, Luíz. "A ciência versus Bolsonaro". Jornal da Unicamp, 23/04/2019
  18. ^ Mello, Igor. "Bolsonaro ameaçou democracia com ataques ao STF e às eleições, diz ONG HRW". UOL, 13/01/2022
  19. ^ Jiménez, Carla. "Ex-presidentes e políticos de 26 países fazem alerta sobre insurreição de Bolsonaro". El País Brasil, 06/09/2021
  20. ^ "Como funciona a fábrica de fake news de Bolsonaro", Diário de Notícias, accessed in 7 March 2023.
  21. ^ "Governo estima economia de R$ 100 milhões por ano com site único". Veja magazine (in Brazilian Portuguese). 15 April 2019.
  22. ^ "MP da liberdade econômica é sancionada; veja os principais pontos". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 20 September 2019.
  23. ^ "O que explica a redução de homicídios no Brasil?", El País, accessed in 22 April 2022.
  24. ^ "Taxa de desemprego recua para 8,3% até outubro, menor nível desde 2014", Folha de S.Paulo, accessed in 20 April 2023.
  25. ^ Sarlinger, Giuliana. "PIB da era Bolsonaro cresce menos que o dos governos FHC, Lula e Temer". UOL, 02/12/2022
  26. ^ "MP de Bolsonaro sobre home office deixa trabalhador ‘na mão’ do patrão". Revista do Instituto Humanitas - Unisinos, March 29, 2022
  27. ^ "Dois anos de retrocessos no mundo do trabalho". Fundação Lauro Campos-Marielle Franco, Observatório da Democracia, accessed in 9 April 2021
  28. ^ "Fome, inflação e informalidade desafiam discurso de Bolsonaro" [Hunger, inflation and unreported employment challenge Bolsonaro’s speech]. Estado de Minas. 10 September 2022.
  29. ^ "Citando dados errados, Bolsonaro critica IBGE e volta a colocar em dúvida estatísticas de desemprego" [Citing incorrect data, Bolsonaro criticizes IBGE and once again casts doubt on unemployment statistics]. O Globo. 31 August 2021.
  30. ^ "Inflação no governo Bolsonaro atinge o maior patamar para um mandato desde a primeira gestão de Dilma", G1, accessed in 7 March 2023.
  31. ^ "Retorno do Brasil ao Mapa da Fome da ONU preocupa senadores e estudiosos", Agência Senado, accessed in 7 March 2023.
  32. ^ "A trajetória de sete indicadores econômicos sob Bolsonaro" Deutsche Welle, accessed in 20 April 2023.
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