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| Probus | |||||||||
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| Roman emperor | |||||||||
| Reign | c. June 276 – September 282[3] | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Tacitus and Florian | ||||||||
| Successor | Carus | ||||||||
| Born | between 230 and 235[4] Sirmium, Pannonia Inferior, modern day Serbia | ||||||||
| Died | September 282 (aged 50)[4] Sirmium | ||||||||
| Issue | Had descendants[4] | ||||||||
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| Father | Dalmatius[5] | ||||||||
Marcus Aurelius Probus (/ˈproʊbəs/; 230–235 – September 282) was Roman emperor from 276 to 282. Probus was an active and successful general as well as a conscientious administrator, and in his reign of six years he secured prosperity for the inner provinces while withstanding repeated invasions of barbarian tribes on almost every sector of the frontier.[6]
After repelling the foreign enemies of the empire, Probus was forced to handle several internal revolts but demonstrated leniency and moderation to the vanquished wherever possible.[7] Despite the military basis of his power, he presented himself as a constitutional monarch who respected the authority of the Roman Senate.[8]
Upon defeating the Germans, Probus re-erected the ancient fortifications of emperor Hadrian between the Rhine and Danube rivers, protecting the Agri Decumates,[9] and exacted from the vanquished a tribute of manpower to resettle depopulated provinces within the empire and provide for adequate defense of the frontiers.[10] Despite his widespread popularity, Probus was killed in a mutiny of the soldiers while in the middle of preparations for the Persian war, which would be carried out under his successor Carus.[11]
- ^ Wood, p. 128 (note 70).
- ^ Fittschen & Zanker.
- ^ Peachin, p. 47.
- ^ a b c Jones, Martindale & Morris, p. 736.
- ^ Victor, 37:1
- ^ Edward Gibbon (1932), The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The Modern Library, ch. XII, p. 284
- ^ Gibbon, pp. 289, 290
- ^ Gibbon, p. 283
- ^ Gibbon, p. 287
- ^ Gibbon, p. 288
- ^ Gibbon, p. 292