Ptolemy X Alexander I

Ptolemy X Alexander I
Ptolemy Philometor Soter (109-101 BC) Ptolemy Philadelphus (101-88 BC)
Pharaoh
King of the Ptolemaic Kingdom
Reign	107–88 BC with Cleopatra III (until 101 BC) with Berenice III (after 101 BC)
Predecessor	Ptolemy IX Soter
Successor	Ptolemy IX Soter
Royal titulary Horus name nṯrj-m-ẖt ẖnm.n-sw-ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ-ḥr-msḫn(t) ḥwnw-nfr bnr-mrwt sḫꜤj.n-sw-mwt.f-ḥr-nst-jt.f ṯmꜢ-Ꜥḥwj-ḫꜢswt jṯj-m-sḫm.f-mj-rꜤ-psḏ.f-m-Ꜣḫt Netjeriemkhet Khnumensuhapuankhhermeskhen(et) Hununeferbenermerutsekhaensumutefhernesetitef Tjema'ahuikhasut Itjemsekhemefmirepesdjefemakhet Godlike in his mother's love, associated with the living Apis upon his birth, the perfect youth, pleasant in his popularity, who his mother placed upon the throne of his father, who is strong in strategy, who defeats foreign lands, who lights up the horizon with his conquering power like Ra. ? ? Nebty name shrw-tꜢwi kꜢ-nḫt sḫm-nḥḥ Seherutawy Kanakht Sekhemneneh Who pleases the Two Lands, the strong bull, eternal power ? Golden Horus ꜤꜢ-ib mri-nṯrw ity-bꜢḳt ḥḳꜢ-wꜢḏti Ꜥḳ.f-tꜢmri-m-ḥtp A'a-ib Merynetjeru Itibaqet Heqawadjty Aqeftameryemhotep The great-hearted one who is beloved of the Gods, Master of Baqet and ruler of the two crowns, when he enters The Beloved Land in peace Prenomen  (Praenomen) iwꜤ-(n)-nṯr-mnḫ-nṯrt-mnḫt-rꜤ stp-n-ptḥ iri-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ znn-Ꜥnḫ-n-jmn Iwa(en)netjermenekhenetjeretmenkhetre Setepenptah Irimaatre Senenankhenamun Heir of the potent god and of the potent goddess, the daughter of Ra , chosen by Ptah, who has accomplished the Maat of Ra, the living likeness of Amun Nomen ptlwmis ḏd n.f Ꜥlksntrs Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mri-ptḥ Petulemis Djed Enef Aleksentres Ankhdjetmeryptah Ptolemaios, also called Alexandros, living forever, beloved of Ptah
Consorts	Cleopatra Selene Berenice III
Children	Ptolemy XI Cleopatra V
Father	Ptolemy VIII
Mother	Cleopatra III
Born	140/39 BC?[1]
Died	88 or 87 BC[1]
Dynasty	Ptolemaic dynasty

Ptolemy X Alexander I^{[note 1]} (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Ἀλέξανδρος, Ptolemaĩos Aléxandros) was the Ptolemaic king of Cyprus from 114 BC until 107 BC and of Egypt from 107 BC until his death in 88 BC. He ruled in co-regency with his mother Cleopatra III as Ptolemy Philometor Soter^[a] until 101 BC, and then with his niece and wife Berenice III as Ptolemy Philadelphus.^[b] He was a son of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III, and younger brother of Ptolemy IX. His birth name was probably Alexander.

Ptolemy X was the second son of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. When Ptolemy VIII died in 116 BC, Ptolemy IX became king with Cleopatra III as his co-regent and Alexander was sent to Cyprus to serve as governor. However, in 114–13 BC, he declared himself king. Cleopatra III quarrelled with Ptolemy IX and arranged for Alexander to return to Egypt in 107 BC and replace his brother as co-regent (with modern sources calling him Ptolemy X).

During his reign, Ptolemy X had to fight against his brother Ptolemy IX to maintain control over the Egyptian throne. Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X fought a war against Ptolemy IX in the Hasmonean kingdom (103–102 BC), in which Ptolemy X successfully prevented his brother from invading Egypt. In 101 BC, he had his mother murdered, married his niece Berenice III, and appointed his new wife as co-regent. An Egyptian uprising in 91 BC caused Ptolemy X to lose control of the south of the country. In 88 BC, the people expelled him from Alexandria, recalling Ptolemy IX to the throne. Ptolemy X raised an army with Roman help and invaded Cyprus, but was killed.

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