Back Kwintessens Afrikaans جوهر (فيزياء) Arabic Quintessenz (Physik) German Kvintesenco (fiziko) Esperanto Quintaesencia Spanish Kintesentzia (fisika) Basque اثیر (فیزیک) Persian Quintessence (cosmologie) French Quintessenza (fisica) Italian クインテッセンス (宇宙論) Japanese
In physics, quintessence is a hypothetical form of dark energy, more precisely a scalar field, postulated as an explanation of the observation of an accelerating rate of expansion of the universe. The first example of this scenario was proposed by Ratra and Peebles (1988)[1] and Wetterich (1988).[2][3] The concept was expanded to more general types of time-varying dark energy, and the term "quintessence" was first introduced in a 1998 paper by Robert R. Caldwell, Rahul Dave and Paul Steinhardt.[4] It has been proposed by some physicists to be a fifth fundamental force.[5][6][7][8] Quintessence differs from the cosmological constant explanation of dark energy in that it is dynamic; that is, it changes over time, unlike the cosmological constant which, by definition, does not change. Quintessence can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the ratio of its kinetic and potential energy. Those working with this postulate believe that quintessence became repulsive about ten billion years ago, about 3.5 billion years after the Big Bang.[9]
A group of researchers argued in 2021 that observations of the Hubble tension may imply that only quintessence models with a nonzero coupling constant are viable.[10]
- ^ Ratra, P.; Peebles, L. (1988). "Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field". Physical Review D. 37 (12): 3406–3427. Bibcode:1988PhRvD..37.3406R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.37.3406. PMID 9958635.
- ^ Wetterich, C. (1988-06-13). "Cosmology and the fate of dilatation symmetry". Nuclear Physics B. 302 (4): 668–696. arXiv:1711.03844. Bibcode:1988NuPhB.302..668W. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(88)90193-9. ISSN 0550-3213. S2CID 118970077.
- ^ Doran, Michael (2001-10-01). "Quintessence and the Separation of Cosmic Microwave Background Peaks". The Astrophysical Journal. 559 (2). et al.: 501–506. arXiv:astro-ph/0012139. Bibcode:2001ApJ...559..501D. doi:10.1086/322253. S2CID 119454400 – via Iopscience.
- ^ Caldwell, R. R.; Dave, R.; Steinhardt, P. J. (1998). "Cosmological Imprint of an Energy Component with General Equation-of-State". Physical Review Letters. 80 (8): 1582–1585. arXiv:astro-ph/9708069. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.1582C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1582. S2CID 597168.
- ^ Carroll, S. M. (1998). "Quintessence and the Rest of the World: Suppressing Long-Range Interactions". Physical Review Letters. 81 (15): 3067–3070. arXiv:astro-ph/9806099. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..81.3067C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3067. S2CID 14539052.
- ^ Wetterich, C. "Quintessence – a fifth force from variation of the fundamental scale" (PDF). Heidelberg University.
- ^ Dvali, Gia; Zaldarriaga, Matias (2002). "Changing α With Time: Implications For Fifth-Force-Type Experiments And Quintessence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 88 (9): 091303. arXiv:hep-ph/0108217. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88i1303D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.091303. PMID 11863992. S2CID 32730355.
- ^ Cicoli, Michele; Pedro, Francisco G.; Tasinato, Gianmassimo (2012-07-23). "Natural Quintessence in String Theory". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2012 (7): 044. arXiv:1203.6655. Bibcode:2012JCAP...07..044C. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/07/044. ISSN 1475-7516. S2CID 250808223.
- ^ Wanjek, Christopher. "Quintessence, accelerating the Universe?". Astronomy Today.
- ^ Krishnan, Chethan; Mohayaee, Roya; Colgáin, Eoin Ó; Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.; Yin, Lu (16 September 2021). "Does Hubble Tension Signal a Breakdown in FLRW Cosmology?". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 38 (18): 184001. arXiv:2105.09790. Bibcode:2021CQGra..38r4001K. doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ac1a81. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 234790314.