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Different scorewriters | |||||
A scorewriter, or music notation program is software for creating, editing and printing sheet music. A scorewriter is to music notation what a word processor is to text, in that they typically provide flexible editing and automatic layout, and produce high-quality printed results.
The very first modern score manipulation program was Mockingbird, written by John Maxwell and Severo Ornstein at Xerox PARC in 1980 on a Dorado computer. It preceded MIDI so an electronic keyboard had to be modified to enable interaction (input and playback) with the program. The WYSIWYG program was envisioned as a composer's amanuensis, but as it was an experimental program it never reached beyond PARC, though it influenced commercial programs which soon followed.[1][2][3][4]
Most scorewriters, especially those from the 2000s, can record notes played on a MIDI keyboard (or other MIDI instruments), and play music back via MIDI or virtual instruments. Playback is especially useful for novice composers and music students, and when musicians are not available or affordable. Several free programs are widely used, such as MuseScore. The three main professional-level programs are Finale, Sibelius and Dorico.[5]
- ^ Maxwell III, John Turner; Ornstein, Severo M. (January 1983). Mockingbird: A Composer’s Amanuensis (A "Blue and White" Xerox PARC research report). Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. CSL-83-2.
- ^ Maxwell III, John Turner; Ornstein, Severo M. (January 1984). "Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis". Byte. Vol. 9, no. 1. McGraw Hill.
- ^ Ornstein, Severo M.; Maxwell III, John Turner (1980). "Mockingbird—A Musician's Amanuensis, lecture by Severo Ornstein and John Maxwell". YouTube (Extended demo / lecture). Computer History Museum. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Ornstein, Severo M.; Maxwell III, John Turner (Oct 30, 1980). "DigiBarn TV: Initial Demo of the Mockingbird Composer's tool at Xerox PARC Forum (Oct 30, 1980)". YouTube (Extended demo / lecture). Dr. Bruce Damer. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Cliff, Tony (1 December 2019). "Tech Reviews: Dorico Pro 3". Music Teacher Magazine. Rhinegold Publishing. Retrieved 6 June 2021.