Southward expansion of the Han dynasty

Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
Map of the expansion of the Han dynasty in 2nd century BC
Date 2nd century BC Location Southern China and Northern Vietnam Result Han victory Cultural assimilation and displacement of the Baiyue and Dian tribes by the Han Empire[1][2] Chinese settlement and migration southward Contact and trade with various foreign kingdoms across Southeast Asia
Belligerents
Han dynasty	Nanyue Minyue Dian

The southward expansion of the Han dynasty was a series of Chinese military campaigns and expeditions in what is now modern Southern China and Northern Vietnam. Military expansion to the south began under the previous Qin dynasty and continued during the Han era. Campaigns were dispatched to conquer the Yue tribes, leading to the annexation of Minyue by the Han in 135 BC and 111 BC, Nanyue in 111 BC, and Dian in 109 BC.

Han Chinese culture took root into the newly conquered territories and the Baiyue and Dian tribes were eventually assimilated or displaced by the Han Empire.^[3][4] Evidence of Han dynasty influences are apparent in artifacts excavated in the Baiyue tombs of modern southern China. This sphere of influence eventually extended to various ancient Southeast Asian kingdoms, where contact led to the spread of Han Chinese culture, trade and political diplomacy. The increased demand for Chinese silk also led to the establishment of the Silk Road connecting Europe, the Near East, and China.