Suicide among Native Americans in the United States, both attempted and completed, is more prevalent than in any other racial or ethnic group in the United States.[1][2] Among American youths specifically, Native American youths also show higher rates of suicide than American youths of other races.[3] Despite making up only 0.9% of the total United States population,[1] American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) are a significantly heterogeneous group, with 560 federally recognized tribes,[1] more than 200 non-federally recognized tribes,[4] more than 300 languages spoken,[4] and one half or more of them living in urban areas.[4][5] Suicide rates are likewise variable within AIAN communities.[6] Reported rates range from 0 to 150 per 100,000 members of the population for different groups.[1] Native American men are more likely to commit suicide than Native American women,[1][7] but Native American women show a higher prevalence of suicidal behaviors.[8] Interpersonal relationships,[9] community environment,[1][8][9] spirituality,[10] mental healthcare,[8] and alcohol abuse interventions[1][9] are among subjects of studies about the effectiveness of suicide prevention efforts. David Lester calls attention to the existence and importance of theories of suicide developed by indigenous peoples themselves, and notes that they "can challenge traditional Western theories of suicide."[11] Studies by Olson and Wahab as well as Doll and Brady report that the Indian Health Service has lacked the resources needed to sufficiently address mental health problems in Native American communities.[1][12] The most complete records of suicide among Native Americans in the United States are reported by the Indian Health Service.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Olson, Lenora M.; Wahab, Stéphanie (2016-06-29). "American Indians and Suicide". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 7 (1): 19–33. doi:10.1177/1524838005283005.
- ^ Cash, Scottye J.; Bridge, Jeffrey A. (October 2009). "Epidemiology of youth suicide and suicidal behavior". Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 21 (5): 613–619. ISSN 1040-8703. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833063e1.
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:12was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Balsam, K. F., Huang, B., Fieland, K. C., Simoni, J. M., & Walters, K. L. (2004). Culture, trauma, and wellness: A comparison of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and two-spirit Native Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 287–301. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.10.3.287
- ^ Gary, F., Baker, M., Grandbois, D. (March 28, 2005) "Perspectives on Suicide Prevention among American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Adolescents: A Call for Help" Vol. 10 No. 2
- ^ Wexler, Lisa; Silveira, Marushka L.; Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth (2012-10-01). "Factors Associated with Alaska Native Fatal and Nonfatal Suicidal Behaviors 2001–2009: Trends and Implications for Prevention". Archives of Suicide Research. 16 (4): 273–286. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.722051. ISSN 1381-1118. PMID 23137218. S2CID 33982014.
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:6was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:4was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ David Lester (2006) Suicide Among Indigenous Peoples: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Archives of Suicide Research, 10:2, 117–124
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:11was invoked but never defined (see the help page).