Back سرطان الخصية Arabic سرطان الخصيه ARZ Рак на тестисите Bulgarian Rak testisa BS Càncer de testicle Catalan Rakovina varlat Czech Testikelkræft Danish Hodenkrebs German އޮށުގެ ކެންސަރު DV Cáncer de testículo Spanish
| Testicular cancer | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Testis tumor[1] |
 | |
| 7.4 × 5.5-cm seminoma in a radical orchiectomy specimen. | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
| Symptoms | Lump in the testicle, swelling or pain in the scrotum[2] |
| Usual onset | 20 to 34 years old males[3] |
| Types | Germ cell tumors (seminomas and nonseminomas), sex-cord stromal tumors, lymphomas[4][5] |
| Risk factors | Undescended testis, family history of the disease, previous history of testicular cancer[5] |
| Diagnostic method | Physical exam, ultrasound, blood tests, surgical removal of the testicle[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Spermatocele, epididymitis, inguinal hernia, appendix testis[1] |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation[2] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival rate rates ~ 95% (US)[3] |
| Frequency | 686,000 (2015)[6] |
| Deaths | 9,400 (2015)[7] |
Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.[2] Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle or swelling or pain in the scrotum.[2] Treatment may result in infertility.[2]
Risk factors include an undescended testis, family history of the disease, and previous history of testicular cancer.[5] More than 95% are germ cell tumors which are divided into seminomas and non-seminomas.[8] Other types include sex-cord stromal tumors and lymphomas.[4] Diagnosis is typically based on a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests.[2] Surgical removal of the testicle with examination under a microscope is then done to determine the type.[2]
Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable.[5] Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation.[2] Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%.[4]
Globally testicular cancer affected about 686,000 people in 2015.[6] That year it resulted in 9,400 deaths up from 7,000 deaths in 1990.[7][9] Rates are lower in the developing than the developed world.[10] Onset most commonly occurs in males 20 to 34 years old, rarely before 15 years old.[3][11] The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%.[3] Outcomes are better when the disease remains localized.[3]
- ^ a b Ferri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1253. ISBN 9780323529570.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Testicular Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 7 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Cancer of the Testis - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ a b c Feldman DR, Bosl GJ, Sheinfeld J, Motzer RJ (13 February 2008). "Medical treatment of advanced testicular cancer". JAMA. 299 (6): 672–684. doi:10.1001/jama.299.6.672. PMID 18270356.
- ^ a b c d "Testicular Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ a b GBD Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence C (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ a b GBD Mortality and Causes of Death C (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ Enhorn LH (2020). "190. Testicular cancer". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 1335–1337. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1.
- ^ GBD Mortality and Causes of Death C (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ "Testicular cancer incidence statistics". Cancer Research UK. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Hayes-Lattin B, Nichols CR (October 2009). "Testicular Cancer: A Prototypic Tumor of Young Adults". Seminars in Oncology. 36 (5): 432–438. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.07.006. PMC 2796329. PMID 19835738.