Back روح القوانين Arabic За духа на законите Bulgarian L'esperit de les lleis Catalan O duchu zákonů Czech De l'esprit des lois Danish Vom Geist der Gesetze German Το πνεύμα των νόμων Greek De l'esprit des lois Esperanto El espíritu de las leyes Spanish روحالقوانین Persian
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.jpg) De l'esprit des loix, 1st edn 1748, 2 vols. | |
| Author | Montesquieu |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Language | French |
| Subject | law |
| Genre | non-fiction |
Publication date | 1748 |
Published in English | 1750 |
| Media type | paper |
Original text | [[s:fr:De l’esprit des lois|]] at French Wikisource |
| Translation | The Spirit of Law at Wikisource |
The Spirit of Law (French: De l'esprit des lois, originally spelled De l'esprit des loix[1]), also known in English as The Spirit of [the] Laws, is a treatise on political theory, as well as a pioneering work in comparative law by Montesquieu, published in 1748.[2] Originally published anonymously, as was the norm, its influence outside France was aided by its rapid translation into other languages. In 1750 Thomas Nugent published an English translation, many times revised and reprinted in countless editions. In 1751 the Roman Catholic Church added De l'esprit des lois to its Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books").
Montesquieu's treatise, already widely disseminated, had an enormous influence on the work of many others, most notably: Catherine the Great, who produced Nakaz (Instruction); the Founding Fathers of the United States Constitution; and Alexis de Tocqueville, who applied Montesquieu's methods to a study of American society, in Democracy in America. Macaulay referenced Montesquieu's continuing importance when he wrote in his 1827 essay entitled "Machiavelli" that "Montesquieu enjoys, perhaps, a wider celebrity than any political writer of modern Europe" [1].
Montesquieu spent about ten years (and a life of thought) researching and writing De l'esprit des lois,[3] covering a huge range of topics including law, social life and the study of anthropology. In this treatise Montesquieu argues that political institutions need, for their success, to reflect the social and geographical aspects of the particular community. He pleads for a constitutional system of government with separation of powers, the preservation of legality and civil liberties, and the end of slavery.[4]
- ^ Montesquieu (1977). David Wallace Carrithers (ed.). The Spirit of the Laws: A Compendium of the First English Edition. Berkeley: U California P.
- ^ De l'Esprit des loix ou du Rapport que les loix doivent avoir avec la constitution de chaque gouvernement, les moeurs, le climat, la religion, le commerce, &c . à quoi l'auteur a ajouté des recherches nouvelles sur les loix romaines touchant les successions, sur les loix françoises, & sur les loix féodales. Vol. I (1 ed.). A Genève, chez Barrillot & fils. Retrieved September 7, 2016 – via Gallica.
- ^ Mes pensées, nos. 1872 and 1920.
- ^ Cohler, et al., "Introduction" to the 1989 Cambridge UP ed.