Sagala (Pakistan)

Sagala, en sanskrit : साकला (Sakala), en grec ancien : Σάγγαλα (Sangala), est une ancienne ville de l'Inde^[1]^,^[2], probablement située à l'emplacement de l'actuelle ville de Sialkot, dans le nord de la province du Pendjab au Pakistan^[3]^,^[4]^,^[5]^,^[6].

Capitale du royaume de Madra, cette ville est rasée en 326 av. J.-C. lors de la campagne d'Alexandre le Grand en Inde^[7]. Au II^e siècle av. J.-C., Sagala est la capitale du royaume indo-grec de Ménandre I^er, qui aurait embrassé le bouddhisme à la suite de ses échanges avec un moine bouddhiste, réunis dans le Milindapanha, un traité bouddhique qui mentionne sa conversion^[3]. Sagala devient sous son règne un centre majeur du bouddhisme et prospère en tant que centre commercial de premier plan^[8]^,^[9].

↑ (en) Edward James Rapson, Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to the First Century A. D., Susil Gupta, 1960, p. 88 :
« Sakala, the modern Sialkot in the Lahore Division of the Punjab, was the capital of the Madras who are known in the later Vedic period (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad). »
↑ (en) Rakesh Kumar, Ancient India and World, Classical Publishing Company, 2000, p. 68
↑ ^{a et b} Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies, Skyhorse Publishing, 2012 (ISBN 978-1-581-15933-2, lire en ligne).
↑ (en) Getzel M. Cohen, The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, University of California Press, 2013 (ISBN 978-0-520-95356-7, lire en ligne)
↑ (en) Hyun Jin Kim, Frederik Juliaan Vervaet et Selim Ferruh Adali, Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Contact and Exchange between the Graeco-Roman World, Inner Asia and China, Cambridge University Press, 2017 (ISBN 978-1-107-19041-2, lire en ligne)
↑ (en) Indian History Congress, Proceedings, Indian History Congress, 2007 (lire en ligne)
↑ (en) Prakash Charan Prasad, Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India, Abhinav Publications, 1977 (ISBN 9788170170532)
↑ (en) Balram Srivastava, Trade and commerce in ancient India, from the earliest times to c. A.D. 300, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1968, p. 67
↑ Ahmad Nabi Khan, Iqbal Manzil, Sialkot: An Introduction [« La maison de Mohammed Iqbal à Sialkot. Une introduction »], Department of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Pakistan, 1977 (lire en ligne), p. 8-9

[Rapson1960-1] (en) Edward James Rapson, Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to the First Century A. D., Susil Gupta, 1960, p. 88 :
« Sakala, the modern Sialkot in the Lahore Division of the Punjab, was the capital of the Madras who are known in the later Vedic period (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad). »

[Kumar2000-2] (en) Rakesh Kumar, Ancient India and World, Classical Publishing Company, 2000, p. 68

[evilley-3] {a et b} Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies, Skyhorse Publishing, 2012 (ISBN 978-1-581-15933-2, lire en ligne).

[4] (en) Getzel M. Cohen, The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, University of California Press, 2013 (ISBN 978-0-520-95356-7, lire en ligne)

[5] (en) Hyun Jin Kim, Frederik Juliaan Vervaet et Selim Ferruh Adali, Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Contact and Exchange between the Graeco-Roman World, Inner Asia and China, Cambridge University Press, 2017 (ISBN 978-1-107-19041-2, lire en ligne)

[6] (en) Indian History Congress, Proceedings, Indian History Congress, 2007 (lire en ligne)

[Prasad1977-7] (en) Prakash Charan Prasad, Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India, Abhinav Publications, 1977 (ISBN 9788170170532)

[Srivastava1968-8] (en) Balram Srivastava, Trade and commerce in ancient India, from the earliest times to c. A.D. 300, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1968, p. 67

[9] Ahmad Nabi Khan, Iqbal Manzil, Sialkot: An Introduction [« La maison de Mohammed Iqbal à Sialkot. Une introduction »], Department of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Pakistan, 1977 (lire en ligne), p. 8-9

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Sagala (Pakistan)

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