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Turcomanni iracheni

Turcomanni iracheni
IraqTürkmenleri
تركمان العراق
Bandiera dei turcomanni iracheni, usata anche per rappresentare il Turkmeneli e il Fronte Turcomanno Iracheno.
 
Luogo d'origineIraq
Linguaturco, arabo
ReligioneIslam (Sunnismo, Sciismo)
Gruppi correlatialtre popolazioni turche
Distribuzione
Bandiera dell'Iraq Iraq
Bandiera della Turchia Turchia
Manuale

I Turcomanni iracheni (in turco: Irak Türkmenleri, in arabo تركمان العراق‎?) sono un gruppo etnico turco residente nelle regioni dell'Iraq centro-settentrionale. Essi formano il terzo gruppo etnico per numero in Iraq, dopo arabi e curdi.[1]

L'insieme delle zone a maggioranza turcomanna sono note con l'espressione "Turkmeneli".[2]

I turcomanni iracheni sono i discendenti dei vari flussi migratori di genti turche che hanno interessato la Mesopotamia a partire dal VII secolo fino all'anno 1919 con la fine del periodo ottomano.[3][4][5]

Oggi i turcomanni iracheni costituiscono il terzo gruppo etnico più numeroso in Iraq,[1][6][7] dopo gli arabi e i curdi. Secondo il ministero della pianificazione iracheno, nel 2013 la popolazione turca irachena era di 3 milioni rispetto ai 34,7 milioni di abitanti dell'Iraq.[1] Questa minoranza risiede principalmente nell'Iraq settentrionale e centrale e condivide stretti legami culturali e linguistici con la Turchia, in particolare con la regione dell'Anatolia.[8]

  1. ^ a b c María Triana, Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective, Taylor & Francis, 2017, p. 168, ISBN 1-317-42368-2.
    «Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq's 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.»
  2. ^ Wassim Bassem, Iraq’s Turkmens call for independent province, su al-monitor.com, Al-Monitor, 2016. URL consultato il 5 maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 ottobre 2016).
    «Iraqi Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province...Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.»
  3. ^ Scott Taylor, Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq, Esprit de Corps, 2004, p. 31, ISBN 1-895896-26-6.
    «The largest number of Turkmen immigrants followed the army of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent when he conquered all of Iraq in 1535. Throughout their reign, the Ottomans encouraged the settlement of immigrant Turkmen along the loosely formed boundary that divided Arab and Kurdish settlements in northern Iraq.»
  4. ^ Raber Tal'at Jawhar, The Iraqi Turkmen Front, in Returning to Political Parties?, The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, 2010, pp. 313-328, ISBN 1-886604-75-4.
    «There’s a strong conflict of opinions regarding the origins of Iraqi Turkmen, however, it is certain that they settled down during the Ottoman rule in the northwest of Mosul, whence they spread to eastern Baghdad. Once there, they became high ranked officers, experts, traders, and executives in residential agglomerations lined up along the vast, fertile plains, and mingled with Kurds, Assyrians, Arabs, and other confessions. With the creation of the new Iraqi state in 1921, Iraqi Turkmen managed to maintain their socioeconomic status.»
  5. ^ International Crisis Group, Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?, Middle East Report N°81 –13 November 2008, International Crisis Group, 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 12 gennaio 2011).
    «Turkomans are descendents of Ottoman Empire-era soldiers, traders and civil servants... The 1957 census, Iraq’s last reliable count before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958, put the country’s population at 6,300,000 and the Turkoman population at 567,000, about 9 per cent...Subsequent censuses, in 1967, 1977, 1987 and 1997, are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation.»
  6. ^ Giray Sadik, American Image in Turkey: U.S. Foreign Policy Dimensions, Rowman & Littlefield, 2009, p. 13, ISBN 0-7391-3380-2.
    «the Turkmen are Iraq's third-largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds»
  7. ^ Geoff Barker, Iraq, Britannica, 2012, p. 23, ISBN 1-61535-637-1.
    «The Turkish-speaking Turkmen are the third-largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds.»
  8. ^ BBC, Who's who in Iraq: Turkmen, 18 giugno 2004. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2011.
    «The predominantly Muslim Turkmen are an ethnic group with close cultural and linguistic ties to Anatolia in Turkey.»
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