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Intellegentia artificialis

Asimo, robotum humanum.

Intellegentia artificialis,[1] vel intellegentia ficticia,[2] est subdisciplina informatica quae machinis intellegentibus creandis studet. Disciplina intellegentiae artificialis enchiridiis hoc modo describitur: "studium et formatio actorum intellegentium",[3] ubi "actor intellegens" est systema quod confinia sua sentit et ita agit, ut successus habeat quam maximos.[4]

Ioannes McCarthy, qui anno 1956 artificial intelligence terminum technicum composuisse videtur, intellegentiam artificiosam describit scientiam et artem esse machinas intellegentes faciendi.[5] Quae schola investigat notam potissimam hominum, intellegentiam (sapientiam Hominis sapientis) tam exacte describere, ut machina simulari possit.[6] Quod studium quaestiones philosophicas de natura mentis et de finibus gloriae scientiae offert: quaestiones quae mythis, fabulis, et philosophia ab ultima antiquitate examinatae sunt.[7] Intellegentia artificiosa initio spem animum incitantem iniecit, deinde regressus accepit,[8] et nunc est pergravis industriae technologicae pars, quae multis in quaestionibus difficillimis informaticae solvendis adiuvit.[9]

Intellegentia artificiosa in investigatione tam technica et speciali consistit, ut aliqui existimatores eam obtrectent, quod campus centifidus sit.[10] Subcampi A.I. quaedam problemata, usus quorundam instrumentorum et diuturnas opinionum contentiones complectuntur. Gravissima intellegentiae artificialis problemata pertinent ad ratiocinationem, cognitionem, praedispositionem, eruditionem, communicationem, sensus nec non rerum movendarum tractandarumque facultates.[11] Alii intellegentiam generalem (sive A.I. fortem, Anglice: "strong A.I.") consectantur,[12] alii non iam credunt fortem A.I. impetrari posse.

  1. ↑ Latinitate classica, intellegentia artificiosa.
  2. ↑ Twitter.
  3. ↑ Poole, Mackworth, et Goebel 1998: 1 (ubi "computational intelligence" intellegentiam artificialem significat); item fere Nilsson (1998) et Russell et Norvig 2003.
  4. ↑ Russell & Norvig (2003).
  5. ↑ Ioannes McCarthy, What is Artificial Intelligence?.
  6. ↑ Dartmouth proposal: McCarthy et al. 1955.
  7. ↑ Quod est prima notio libri Machines That Think, quo Pamela McCorduck scribit: "I like to think of artificial intelligence as the scientific apotheosis of a venerable cultural tradition" (2004: 34). Praeterea, "Artificial intelligence in one form or another is an idea that has pervaded Western intellectual history, a dream in urgent need of being realized" (2004: xviii): "Our history is full of attempts—nutty, eerie, comical, earnest, legendary and real—to make artificial intelligences, to reproduce what is the essential us—bypassing the ordinary means. Back and forth between myth and reality, our imaginations supplying what our workshops couldn't, we have engaged for a long time in this odd form of self-reproduction" (2004: 3). She traces the desire back to its Hellenistic roots and calls it the urge to "forge the Gods." (2004: 340-400).
  8. ↑ ALPAC report (1966), derelictio perceptrorum (1970), Lighthill Report (1973), mercatus machinarum LISP conlapsus (1987).
  9. ↑ De rebus post siparium in usum conlatis: Russell & Norvig 2003: 28; Kurzweil 2005: 265; NRC 1999: 216-22.
  10. ↑ Fractioning of AI into subfields:
    • McCorduck 2004, pp. 421-425
  11. ↑ This list of intelligent traits is based on the topics covered by the major AI textbooks, inter quos:
    • Russell & Norvig 2003
    • Luger & Stubblefield 2004
    • Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998
    • Nilsson 1998
  12. ↑ General intelligence (strong AI) is discussed in popular introductions to AI:
    • Kurzweil 1999
    • Kurzweil 2005
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