Fizik

Fizik (Jawi: فيزيك)[a] atau jarangnya ilmu hai'ah (Jawi: علم الهيئة)[1][b] adalah sains semula jadi yang mengkaji jirim[3] dan pergerakannya menerusi ruang dan masa serta semua yang datang daripadanya, sebagai contoh tenaga dan daya.[4] Secara umumnya, fizik adalah suatu analisis tentang bagaimana fenomena alam semula jadi berlaku di dunia dan alam semesta.[5][6]

Fizik ialah salah satu daripada bidang akademik yang berkembang dari zaman kuno, dengan bidang astronomi sebagai cabangnya yang tertua. [7]

Fizik mengkaji tabiat dan interaksi antara jisim dan sinaran. Hukum fizik dinyatakan melalui persamaan matematik. Hukum ini merupakan usaha untuk mewujudkan kaitan antara data uji kaji yang berbeza. Kaedah saintifik digunakan dalam usaha untuk menjelaskan hukum diperolehi dari uji kaji. Terdapat kefahaman yang salah bahawa hukum fizik hanyalah teori mudah yang dapat dipastikan kebenarannya.

Sebagai contoh, di dalam hukum Newton, graviti merupakan hukum (ia melambangkan perhubungan kuantitatif antara data berbeza), tetapi tidak mempunyai penjelasan, jadi ia tidak dianggap teori. Bagaimanapun, teori Einstein mengenai kerelatifan umum adalah teori kerana ia cuba untuk melakukan lebih dari sekadar menyesuaikan data kepada perhubungan.

Fizik berkait rapat dengan sains tulen lain, terutamanya kimia, contohnya mengenai sains molekul dan sebatian kimia yang dihasilkan secara pukal. Kimia merangkumi banyak bidang fizik, terutamanya mekanik kuantum, termodinamik dan keelektromagnetan. Bagaimanapun, fenomena kimia cukup berbeza dan rumit sehinggakan kimia dianggap bidang yang berlainan.


Ralat petik: Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "lower-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

  1. ^ Haji Awan Din bin Mat Hassan (1969). Muqaddimatul-Hai'ah (ed. cetakan semula 2023). Jala: Matba'ah Sahabat Faris (asal), Khazanah Fathaniyah (semula).
  2. ^ Abd. Rauf Dato' Haji Hassan; Abdul Halim Salleh; Khairul Amin Mohd Zain (2005). Kamus Bahasa Melayu-Bahasa Arab Bahasa Arab-Bahasa Melayu. Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar. m/s. 406. ISBN 967-65-7321-3.
  3. ^ R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands (1963), The Feynman Lectures on Physics (edisi kulit keras), ISBN 0-201-02116-1. m/s. 1-1 Feynman begins with the hipotesis atom, as his most compact statement of all scientific knowledge: "If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations ..., what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is ... that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. ..." vol. I p. I–2
  4. ^ James Clerk Maxwell (1878), Matter and Motion. New York: D. Van Nostrand. p.1: "Nature of Physical Science – Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature." | accessdate=2008-11-04
  5. ^ H.D. Young & R.A. Freedman, University Physics with Modern Physics: 11th Edition: International Edition (2004), Addison Wesley. Chapter 1, section 1.1, page 2 has this to say: "Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns and principles that relate these phenomena. These patterns are called physical theories or, when they are very well established and of broad use, physical laws or principles."
    Steve Holzner, Physics for Dummies (2006), Wiley. Chapter 1, page 7 says: "Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." See Amazon Online Reader: Physics For Dummies (For Dummies(Math & Science)), retrieved 24 Nov 2006
  6. ^ Note: The term 'universe' is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and constants that govern them. However, the term 'universe' may also be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting concepts such as the cosmos or the philosophical world.
  7. ^ Evidence exists that the earliest civilizations dating back to beyond 3000BC, such as the Sumerians, Ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilization, all had a predictive knowledge and a very basic understanding of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and stars.

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