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Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants to produce desired characteristics.[1] Plant breeding can be done by many different techniques. Plants with desirable characteristics for propagation can be selected. More complex molecular techniques are also possible (see cultigen and cultivar).
Plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of human civilization. It is now done worldwide by gardeners and farmers, or by professional plant breeders employed by government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centres.
International development agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for preventing famine. New varieties are developed. They are higher-yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, drought-resistant or adapted to different environments and growing conditions.
- ↑ Sleper D.A. & Poehlman J.M. 2006. Breeding field crops. 5th ed, Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-8138-2428-4