Back የፈረንጅ ሱፍ Amharic Helianthus annuus AN Sōlate ANG دوار الشمس Arabic عباد الشمس ARZ Helianthus annuus AST सूर्जमुखी फूल AWA Adi günəbaxan Azerbaijani عادی گۆنه باخان AZB Sauliegrōžos BAT-SMG
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| Field of sunflowers in Spain. | |
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| Helianthus annuus | |
The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a living annual plant in the family Asteraceae, with a large flower head (capitulum). The stem of the flower can grow up to 3 metres tall, with a flower head that can be 30 cm wide. Other types of sunflowers include the California Royal Sunflower, which has a burgundy (red + purple) flower head.
The flower head is actually an inflorescence made of hundreds or thousands of tiny flowers called florets. The central florets look like the centre of a normal flower, apseudanthium. The benefit to the plant is that it is very easily seen by the insects and birds which pollinate it, and it produces thousands of seeds.
The sunflower is the state flower of Kansas. That is why Kansas is sometimes called the Sunflower State. To grow well, sunflowers need full sun. They grow best in fertile, wet, well-drained soil with a lot of mulch. In commercial planting, seeds are planted 45 cm (1.5 ft) apart and 2.5 cm (1 in) deep.