Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan Türkmenistan  (Turkmen)[1]
Flag Emblem
Motto: Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr ("Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality")[2][3]
Anthem: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni ("State Anthem of Independent, Neutral Turkmenistan")
Location of  Turkmenistan  (red)
Capital and largest city	Ashgabat 37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E / 37.967; 58.333
Official languages	Turkmen[4]
Language of inter-ethnic communication	Russian
Other languages	Uzbek • Kazakh • Eastern Armenian • Azerbaijani • Baluji • Kurmanji • Ukrainian • Persian and others
Ethnic groups (2012)	78.6% Turkmens 9.3% Uzbeks 3.2% Russians 2.7% Kazakhs 1.1% Tatars 1.0% Armenians 0.7% Azerbaijanis 0.4% Balujs 0.3% Kurds 0.2% Ukrainians 0.2% Persians 0.1% Lezgins 0.1% Bashkirs 2.1% Others
Religion	93.7% Muslims 6.1% Christians 0.2% Unknown
Demonym(s)	Turkmenistani Turkmen[5] Turkmenian
Government	Unitary dominant-party presidential republic
• President	Serdar Berdimuhamedow
• Vice President	Raşit Meredow
• Chairman of the Assembly	Gülşat Mämmedowa
Legislature	Assembly (Mejlis)[6]
Independence from Russia
• Conquest	1879
• Soviet rule	13 May 1925
• Declared state sovereignty	22 August 1990
• From the Soviet Union	27 October 1991
• Recognized	26 December 1991
• Current constitution	18 May 1992
Area
• Total	491,210 km2 (189,660 sq mi)[7] (52nd)
• Water (%)	4.9
Population
• 2020 estimate	6,031,187 [8] (113th)
• Density	10.5/km2 (27.2/sq mi) (221st)
GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
• Total	$112.659 billion[9]
• Per capita	$19,526[9]
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$42.764 billion[9]
• Per capita	$7,411[9]
Gini (1998)	40.8 medium
HDI (2019)	0.715[10] high · 111th
Currency	Turkmen new manat (TMT)
Time zone	UTC+05 (TMT)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+993
ISO 3166 code	TM
Internet TLD	.tm

Turkmenistan (/tɜːrkˈmɛnɪstæn/ (listen) or /tɜːrkmɛnɪˈstɑːn/ (listen); Turkmen: Türkmenistan, pronounced [tʏɾkmønʏˈθːɑːn];^[11]), also known as Turkmenia, is a country in South-Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. It has no ocean but it is on the Caspian Sea to the west. The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashghabat.^[12] The majority of the country is Muslim at 93%.

Turkmenistan is a non-aligned and fully neutral country.

1. ↑ Hambly, Gavin R.G.; et al. "Turkmenistan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
2. ↑ ""Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality" is the motto of 2020 | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". En.hronikatm.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
3. ↑ 29.12.2019 (2019-12-29). "Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum". Turkmenpetroleum.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-05-26. {{cite web}}: |author= has numeric name (help)
4. ↑ "Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008" (PDF).
5. ↑ "Dual Citizenship". Ashgabat: U.S. Embassy in Turkmenistan. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
6. ↑ "Turkmenistan approves new constitution to increase president's powers". 26 September 2008.
7. ↑ Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике : Информация о Туркменистане : О Туркменистане Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine : Туркменистан — одна из пяти стран Центральной Азии, вторая среди них по площади (491,21 тысяч км2), расположен в юго-западной части региона в зоне пустынь, севернее хребта Копетдаг Туркмено-Хорасанской горной системы, между Каспийским морем на западе и рекой Амударья на востоке.
8. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations".
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3} "Turkmenistan". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
10. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
11. ↑ Clark, Larry (1998). Turkmen Reference Grammar. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 50.
12. ↑ "Turkmenistan". Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook. Retrieved 2009-09-04.^{[permanent dead link]}