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Denmark

This article is about metropolitan Denmark. For the sovereign state, see Danish Realm. For all other uses, see Denmark (disambiguation).

Coordinates: 56°N 10°E / 56°N 10°E / 56; 10

Denmark
Danmark (Danish)
Constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark
Flag of Denmark
Flag
Official seal of Denmark
Coat of arms
Motto: 
Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke (Danish)[N 1]
(English: "God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength"[1])
Anthem: Der er et yndigt land (Danish)
(English: "There is a lovely country")
National and royal anthem: Kong Christian stod ved højen mast (Danish)[N 2]
(English: "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
Location of metropolitan Denmark[N 3] (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Location of metropolitan Denmark[N 3] (dark green)

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)

Sovereign stateKingdom of Denmark
Consolidationc. 8th century[3]
Christianizationc. 965[4]
Constitutional Act5 June 1849
Faroese home rule24 March 1948
EEC accession1 January 1973
Greenlandic home rule1 May 1979
Capital
and largest city
Copenhagen
55°43′N 12°34′E / 55.717°N 12.567°E / 55.717; 12.567
Official languagesDanish
Regional languages
German[N 4]
Ethnic groups
(2020)
Religion
(2020)
Demonym(s)
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Margrethe II
Mette Frederiksen
Søren Gade
LegislatureFolketing
Area
• Total
42,943[9] km2 (16,580 sq mi) (130th)
• Water (%)
1.74[10]
Highest elevation
(Møllehøj)
170.86 m (560.56 ft)
Population
• M10 2022 estimate
Neutral increase 5,928,364[11][N 6] (114th)
• Density
138.05/km2 (357.5/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
Increase$411.0 billion [12] [N 7] (53nd)
• Per capita
Increase$69,273[12] (11th)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
Increase$386.7 billion[12][N 7] (41st)
• Per capita
Increase$65,713 [12] (10th)
Gini (2021)Positive decrease 27.0[13]
low
HDI (2021)Increase 0.948[14]
very high · 6th
CurrencyDanish krone (kr.) (DKK)[N 8][citation needed]
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Mains electricity230 V–50 Hz
Driving sideright
Calling code+45
ISO 3166 codeDK
Internet TLD.dk[N 9]

Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ˈtænmɑk] (listen)) is a Nordic constituent country in Northern Europe. It is the most populous and politically central constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,[N 10] a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the North Atlantic Ocean.[15] Metropolitan Denmark[N 3] is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, lying south-west of Sweden, south of Norway,[N 11] and north of Germany.

As of 2013, the Kingdom of Denmark, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland, has a total of 1,419 islands above 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft); 443 of which have been named and of which 78 are inhabited.[16] Spanning a total area of 42,943 km2 (16,580 sq mi),[9] metropolitan Denmark consists of the northern part of the Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands.[17] Of these, the most populated island is Zealand, on which the capital Copenhagen is situated, followed by Funen, the North Jutlandic Island, and Amager.[18] Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, arable land, sandy coasts, low elevation, and a temperate climate. As of 2022, it had a population of 5.928 million (1 October 2022), of which 800,000 live in the capital and largest city, Copenhagen.[19] Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948 and in Greenland in 1979; the latter obtained further autonomy in 2009.

The unified Kingdom of Denmark emerged in the eighth century as a proficient maritime power amid the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea.[3] In 1397, it joined Norway and Sweden to form the Kalmar Union, which persisted until the latter's secession in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of Denmark–Norway endured a series of wars in the 17th century that resulted in further territorial cessions to the Swedish Empire. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was absorbed into Sweden, leaving Denmark with the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. A surge of nationalist movements in the 19th century were defeated in the First Schleswig War of 1848, though the Second Schleswig War of 1864 resulted in further territorial losses to Prussia. The period saw the adoption of the Constitution of Denmark on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy that was established in 1660 and introducing the current parliamentary system.

An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century, which formed the basis for the present welfare state model and advanced mixed economy. Denmark remained neutral during World War I but regained the northern half of Schleswig in 1920. Danish neutrality was violated in World War II following a swift German invasion in April 1940. During occupation, a resistance movement emerged in 1943 while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was liberated in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with Greenland but not the Faroes, became a member of what is now the European Union, but negotiated certain opt-outs, such as retaining its own currency, the krone.

Denmark is a highly developed country with a high standard of living: the country performs at or near the top in measures of education, health care, civil liberties, democratic governance and LGBT equality.[20][21][22][23] Denmark is a founding member of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE, and the United Nations; it is also part of the Schengen Area. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours, with the Danish language being partially mutually intelligible with both Norwegian and Swedish.


Cite error: There are <ref group=N> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=N}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ "Royal House". www.kongehuset.dk. Royal House of Denmark. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  2. ^ "Not one but two national anthems". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  3. ^ a b Stone et al. 2008, p. 31.
  4. ^ "Denmark". The World Factbook. CIA. 29 April 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  5. ^ "Bekendtgørelse af ILO-konvention nr. 169 af 28. juni 1989 vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater". Retsinformation.dk. 9 October 1997.
  6. ^ "Den dansk-tyske mindretalsordning". UM.dk.
  7. ^ "Folkekirkens medlemstal" (in Danish). Kirkeministeriet. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  8. ^ Arly Jacobsen, Brian (8 February 2018). "Hvor mange muslimer bor der i Danmark?" (in Danish). Religion.dk. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Area". Statistics Denmark. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019.
  10. ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Population and population projections". Statistics Denmark. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  14. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  15. ^ *Benedikter, Thomas (19 June 2006). "The working autonomies in Europe". Society for Threatened Peoples. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2012. Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories
    • Ackrén, Maria (November 2017). "Greenland". Autonomy Arrangements in the World. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019. Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.
    • "Greenland". International Cooperation and Development. European Commission. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2019. Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark
  16. ^ About Denmark
  17. ^ "Denmark in numbers 2010" (PDF). Statistics Denmark. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  18. ^ "Statistikbanken". statistikbanken.dk.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference pop1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Melnick, Meredith (22 October 2013). "Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Democracy_Index was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ 2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline. Legatum Institute, 29 October 2013. Archived 6 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "Denmark Country Profile: Human Development Indicators". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
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