Coordinates: 56°N 10°E / 56°N 10°E
Denmark Danmark (Danish) | |
---|---|
Motto: | |
Anthem: Der er et yndigt land (Danish) (English: "There is a lovely country") | |
National and royal anthem: Kong Christian stod ved højen mast (Danish)[N 2] (English: "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") | |
![]() Location of metropolitan Denmark[N 3] (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
Sovereign state | Kingdom of Denmark |
Consolidation | c. 8th century[3] |
Christianization | c. 965[4] |
Constitutional Act | 5 June 1849 |
Faroese home rule | 24 March 1948 |
EEC accession | 1 January 1973 |
Greenlandic home rule | 1 May 1979 |
Capital and largest city | Copenhagen 55°43′N 12°34′E / 55.717°N 12.567°E |
Official languages | Danish |
German[N 4] | |
Ethnic groups (2020) | |
Religion (2020) |
|
Demonym(s) | |
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Margrethe II |
Mette Frederiksen | |
Søren Gade | |
Legislature | Folketing |
Area | |
• Total | 42,943[9] km2 (16,580 sq mi) (130th) |
• Water (%) | 1.74[10] |
Highest elevation (Møllehøj) | 170.86 m (560.56 ft) |
Population | |
• M10 2022 estimate | ![]() |
• Density | 138.05/km2 (357.5/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
Gini (2021) | ![]() low |
HDI (2021) | ![]() very high · 6th |
Currency | Danish krone (kr.) (DKK)[N 8][citation needed] |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Mains electricity | 230 V–50 Hz |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +45 |
ISO 3166 code | DK |
Internet TLD | .dk[N 9] |
Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ˈtænmɑk] (listen)) is a Nordic constituent country in Northern Europe. It is the most populous and politically central constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,[N 10] a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the North Atlantic Ocean.[15] Metropolitan Denmark[N 3] is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, lying south-west of Sweden, south of Norway,[N 11] and north of Germany.
As of 2013, the Kingdom of Denmark, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland, has a total of 1,419 islands above 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft); 443 of which have been named and of which 78 are inhabited.[16] Spanning a total area of 42,943 km2 (16,580 sq mi),[9] metropolitan Denmark consists of the northern part of the Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands.[17] Of these, the most populated island is Zealand, on which the capital Copenhagen is situated, followed by Funen, the North Jutlandic Island, and Amager.[18] Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, arable land, sandy coasts, low elevation, and a temperate climate. As of 2022, it had a population of 5.928 million (1 October 2022), of which 800,000 live in the capital and largest city, Copenhagen.[19] Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948 and in Greenland in 1979; the latter obtained further autonomy in 2009.
The unified Kingdom of Denmark emerged in the eighth century as a proficient maritime power amid the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea.[3] In 1397, it joined Norway and Sweden to form the Kalmar Union, which persisted until the latter's secession in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of Denmark–Norway endured a series of wars in the 17th century that resulted in further territorial cessions to the Swedish Empire. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was absorbed into Sweden, leaving Denmark with the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. A surge of nationalist movements in the 19th century were defeated in the First Schleswig War of 1848, though the Second Schleswig War of 1864 resulted in further territorial losses to Prussia. The period saw the adoption of the Constitution of Denmark on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy that was established in 1660 and introducing the current parliamentary system.
An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century, which formed the basis for the present welfare state model and advanced mixed economy. Denmark remained neutral during World War I but regained the northern half of Schleswig in 1920. Danish neutrality was violated in World War II following a swift German invasion in April 1940. During occupation, a resistance movement emerged in 1943 while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was liberated in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with Greenland but not the Faroes, became a member of what is now the European Union, but negotiated certain opt-outs, such as retaining its own currency, the krone.
Denmark is a highly developed country with a high standard of living: the country performs at or near the top in measures of education, health care, civil liberties, democratic governance and LGBT equality.[20][21][22][23] Denmark is a founding member of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE, and the United Nations; it is also part of the Schengen Area. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours, with the Danish language being partially mutually intelligible with both Norwegian and Swedish.
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Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories
Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.
Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark
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