Butane

Butane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Butane
	Systematic IUPAC name Tetracarbane (never recommended)
	Other names Butyl hydride; Quartane; R600
Identifiers
CAS Number	106-97-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	969129
ChEBI	CHEBI:37808 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL134702 ;
ChemSpider	7555 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.136
EC Number	203-448-7;
E number	E943a (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference	1148
KEGG	D03186 ;
MeSH	butane
PubChem CID	7843;
RTECS number	EJ4200000;
UNII	6LV4FOR43R ;
UN number	1011
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7024665 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 Key: IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CCCC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H10
Molar mass	58.124 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Gasoline-like or natural gas-like
Density	2.48 kg/m3 (at 15 °C (59 °F))
Melting point	−140 to −134 °C; −220 to −209 °F; 133 to 139 K
Boiling point	−1 to 1 °C; 30 to 34 °F; 272 to 274 K
Solubility in water	61 mg/L (at 20 °C (68 °F))
log P	2.745
Vapor pressure	~170 kPa at 283 K
Henry's law; constant (kH)	11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Conjugate acid	Butanium
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−57.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	98.49 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−126.3–−124.9 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−2.8781–−2.8769 MJ/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H220
Precautionary statements	P210
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 4 0 SA
Flash point	−60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K)
Autoignition; temperature	405 °C (761 °F; 678 K)
Explosive limits	1.8–8.4%
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	none
REL (Recommended)	TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	1600 ppm
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Propane; Isobutane; Pentane;
Related compounds	Perfluorobutane
Supplementary data page
	Butane (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) or n-butane is an alkane with the formula C₄H₁₀. Butane is a highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gas that quickly vaporizes at room temperature and pressure. The name butane comes from the root but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and the suffix -ane. It was discovered in crude petroleum in 1864 by Edmund Ronalds, who was the first to describe its properties,^[6]^[7] and commercialized by Walter O. Snelling in early 1910s.

Butane is one of a group of liquefied petroleum gases (LP gases). The others include propane, propylene, butadiene, butylene, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof. Butane burns more cleanly than both gasoline and coal.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0068". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ August Wilhelm Von Hofmann (1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.
^ ^a ^b "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
^ W. B. Kay (1940). "Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations for n-Butane". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 32 (3): 358–360. doi:10.1021/ie50363a016.
^ "Safety Data Sheet, Material Name: N-Butane" (PDF). USA: Matheson Tri-Gas Incorporated. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
^ Watts, H.; Muir, M. M. P.; Morley, H. F. (1894). Watts' Dictionary of Chemistry. Vol. 4. Longmans, Green. p. 385.
^ Maybery, C. F. (1896). "On the Composition of the Ohio and Canadian Sulphur Petroleums". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 1–66. doi:10.2307/20020618. JSTOR 20020618.

[PGCH-1] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0068". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[quartane-2] August Wilhelm Von Hofmann (1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.

[iupac2013-3] "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.

[4] W. B. Kay (1940). "Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations for n-Butane". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 32 (3): 358–360. doi:10.1021/ie50363a016.

[chemadvisor-5] "Safety Data Sheet, Material Name: N-Butane" (PDF). USA: Matheson Tri-Gas Incorporated. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

[Watts-6] Watts, H.; Muir, M. M. P.; Morley, H. F. (1894). Watts' Dictionary of Chemistry. Vol. 4. Longmans, Green. p. 385.

[7] Maybery, C. F. (1896). "On the Composition of the Ohio and Canadian Sulphur Petroleums". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 1–66. doi:10.2307/20020618. JSTOR 20020618.

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Butane

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