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 | |
| Paradigm | multi-paradigm: |
|---|---|
| Family | Lisp |
| Designed by | Rich Hickey |
| First appeared | 2007 |
| Stable release | 1.11.1[8]
/ 5 April 2022 |
| Typing discipline | |
| Platform | |
| License | Eclipse Public |
| Filename extensions |
|
| Website | clojure |
| Influenced by | |
| Influenced | |
| |
Clojure (/ˈkloʊʒər/, like closure)[16][17] is a dynamic and functional dialect of the Lisp programming language on the Java platform.[18][19]
Like most other Lisps, Clojure's syntax is built on S-expressions that are first parsed into data structures by a reader before being compiled.[20][16] Clojure's reader supports literal syntax for maps, sets and vectors along with lists, and these are compiled to the mentioned structures directly.[20] Clojure treats code as data and has a Lisp macro system.[21] Clojure is a Lisp-1 and is not intended to be code-compatible with other dialects of Lisp, since it uses its own set of data structures incompatible with other Lisps.[21]
Clojure advocates immutability and immutable data structures and encourages programmers to be explicit about managing identity and its states.[22] This focus on programming with immutable values and explicit progression-of-time constructs is intended to facilitate developing more robust, especially concurrent, programs that are simple and fast.[23][24][16] While its type system is entirely dynamic, recent efforts have also sought the implementation of a dependent type system.[25]
The language was created by Rich Hickey in the mid-2000's, originally for the Java platform; the language has since been ported to other platforms, such as the Common Language Runtime (.NET). Hickey continues to lead development of the language as its benevolent dictator for life.
- ^ "Agents and Asynchronous Actions". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ "Concurrent Programming". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Hickey, Rich; contributors. "core.async". GitHub. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ "Functional Programming". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Nolen, David; Hickey, Rich. "core.logic". GitHub. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ "Macros". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Esterhazy, Paulus. "Threading Macros Guide". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
release/clojure1-11-0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fogus, Michael (2011). "Rich Hickey Q&A". CodeQuarterly.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-11.
- ^ Bonnaire-Sergeant, Ambrose (2012). A Practical Optional Type System for Clojure (Thesis). The University of Western Australia.
- ^ "Clojure Programming" (PDF). OReilly.com. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- ^ Hickey, Rich. "Clojure Bookshelf". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Rose, Calvin; contributors. "Janet Language". Janet-Lang.org. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ Baldridge, Timothy. "Pixie". PixieLang.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Ramachandra, Ramkumar. "Rhine". GitHub. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ a b c Edwards, Kathryn (2009-08-10). "The A-Z of Programming Languages: Clojure". Computerworld.com.au. Archived from the original on 2019-08-26.
- ^ Hickey, Rich (2009-01-05). "meaning and pronunciation of Clojure". Google.com.
- ^ Krill, Paul (2012-03-22). "Clojure inventor Hickey now aims for Android". InfoWorld.com.
- ^ "Clojure". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ a b "The Reader". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ a b "Differences with other Lisps". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ "Values and Change: Clojure's approach to Identity and State". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Hickey, Rich. "Rationale". Clojure.org. Retrieved 2019-07-07.
- ^ Torre, Charles (2009-10-06). "Expert to Expert: Rich Hickey and Brian Beckman – Inside Clojure". MSDN.com.
- ^ "clojure/spec.alpha". GitHub. 2017-04-26.