Kalmyks

Kalmyks
Хальмгуд / Xaľmgud
Kalmyks in the late 19th century. Picture taken in the Salsky Raion of the Don Host Oblast.
Total population
196,433
Regions with significant populations
 Kalmykia (Russia)
 Russia183,372[1][2]
 Kyrgyzstan12,000[3]
 Ukraine325[4]
 United States3,000[5]
Languages
Kalmyk Oirat, Russian
Religion
Predominantly Buddhism
Minority Russian Orthodox Christianity, Tengrism, Mongolian shamanism, Islam[6]
Related ethnic groups
Mongols, especially Oirats, other Mongolic peoples

The Kalmyks (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, Xaľmgud; Mongolian: Халимагууд, romanized: Halimaguud; Russian: Калмыки, romanizedKalmyki; archaically anglicised as Calmucks) are a Mongolic ethnic group living mainly in Russia, whose ancestors migrated from the Dzungaria region of Mongolia. They created the Kalmyk Khanate from 1635 to 1779 in the south of the European part of Russia territory. Today they form a majority in Kalmykia, located in the Kalmyk Steppe, on the western shore of the Caspian Sea.

They are the only traditionally Buddhist people who are located within Europe. Through emigration, small Kalmyk communities have been established in the United States, France, Germany, and the Czech Republic.[7]

  1. ^ Итоги ВПН 2010 Archived 2016-06-05 at the Wayback Machine All Russian census, 2010
  2. ^ "Kalmyk-Oirat, Western Mongul in Russia :: Joshua Project". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
  3. ^ "PRESIDENT.MN". Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  4. ^ State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census (Ukrainian)
  5. ^ Guchinova, Elsa-Blair M. (Fall 2002). "Kalmyks in the United States". Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia. 41 (2): 8. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-195941027. S2CID 144027029. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
  6. ^ Содномпилова, М.М.; Нанзатов, Б.З. Культурное наследие народов Центральной Азии. Выпуск 3: сборник статей. Imbt. p. 34. ISBN 9785792503649. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
  7. ^ Kalmyks Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, NUPI – Centre for Russian Studies

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