Logo (programming language)

Logo
L-system (Koch curve) turtle graphic
ParadigmsMulti-paradigm: functional, educational, procedural, reflective
FamilyLisp
Designed byWally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, Cynthia Solomon
DeveloperBolt, Beranek and Newman
First appeared1967 (1967)
Typing disciplinedynamic
Major implementations
UCBLogo, many others
Dialects
StarLogo, NetLogo and AppleLogo
Influenced by
Lisp
Influenced
AgentSheets, NetLogo, Smalltalk, Etoys, Scratch, Microsoft Small Basic, KTurtle, REBOL, Boxer
Symmetry around a point can be obtained using only a few instructions, allowing users to draw hypotrochoids like the one shown here.

Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia Solomon.[1] Logo is not an acronym: the name was coined by Feurzeig while he was at Bolt, Beranek and Newman,[2] and derives from the Greek logos, meaning word or thought.

A general-purpose language, Logo is widely known for its use of turtle graphics, in which commands for movement and drawing produced line or vector graphics, either on screen or with a small robot termed a turtle. The language was conceived to teach concepts of programming related to Lisp and only later to enable what Papert called "body-syntonic reasoning", where students could understand, predict, and reason about the turtle's motion by imagining what they would do if they were the turtle. There are substantial differences among the many dialects of Logo, and the situation is confused by the regular appearance of turtle graphics programs that are named Logo.

Logo is a multi-paradigm adaptation and dialect of Lisp, a functional programming language.[3] There is no standard Logo, but UCBLogo has the best facilities[according to whom?] for handling lists, files, I/O, and recursion in scripts, and can be used to teach all computer science concepts, as UC Berkeley lecturer Brian Harvey did in his Computer Science Logo Style trilogy.[4]

Logo is usually an interpreted language, although compiled Logo dialects (such as Lhogho and Liogo) have been developed. Logo is not case-sensitive but retains the case used for formatting purposes.

  1. ^ Abelson, Hal; Goodman, Nat; Rudolph, Lee (December 1974). "Logo Manual". Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/6226. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  2. ^ Goldenberg, E. Paul (August 1982). "Logo – A Cultural Glossary". Byte. p. 218. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  3. ^ CSLS Vol 1, Preface .pxvi, Harvey 1997
  4. ^ Computer Science Logo Style, Brian Harvey, MIT Press (3 volumes) ISBN 0-262-58148-5, ISBN 0-262-58149-3, ISBN 0-262-58150-7. Available online Archived 2013-07-04 at the Wayback Machine

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