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2022 United States House of Representatives elections

For related races, see 2022 United States elections.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections
← 2020 November 8, 2022 2024 →
All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives[a]
218 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Kevin McCarthy Nancy Pelosi
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since January 3, 2019 January 3, 2003
Leader's seat California 20th California 11th
Last election 213 seats, 47.2% 222 seats, 50.3%
Seats before 212 220
Seats won 222 213
Seat change Increase 9 Decrease 9
Popular vote 54,506,136 51,477,313
Percentage 50.6% 47.8%
Swing Increase 3.4% Decrease 2.5%
Results
     Democratic gain      Republican gain
     Democratic hold      Republican hold
Speaker before election

Nancy Pelosi
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Kevin McCarthy
Republican

The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 8, 2022, as part of the 2022 United States elections during incumbent president Joe Biden's term. Representatives were elected from all 435 U.S. congressional districts across each of the 50 states to serve in the 118th United States Congress, as well as 5 non-voting members of the U.S. House of Representatives from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited insular areas. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the 2022 U.S. Senate elections and the 2022 U.S. gubernatorial elections, were also held simultaneously. This was the first election after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

The Republican Party, led by Kevin McCarthy, won control of the House, defeating Nancy Pelosi and the Democratic Party, which had held a majority in the House since 2019, as a result of the 2018 elections.[1][2] Although most observers and pundits predicted large Republican gains,[3][4][5] they instead narrowly won 4 seats over the 218 seats needed for a majority,[6] as Democrats won several upsets in districts considered Republican-leaning or won by Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, such as Washington's 3rd congressional district. Republicans also won some upsets in districts that Joe Biden won by double-digits, including New York's 4th congressional district.[7][8] Observers attributed Democrats' surprise over-performance to, among other factors,[9] the issue of abortion in the United States after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization,[10] and the underperformance of multiple statewide and congressional Republican candidates who held extreme views,[11][12][13] including refusal to accept the party's 2020 electoral loss.[14][15] On the other hand, Democrats' political prospects were weighed down by the 2021–2023 inflation surge, which Republicans blamed on President Biden and the Democratic-controlled Congress.[16] The elections marked the first time since 1875 that Democrats won all districts along the Pacific Ocean.[17] This was the first time since 2004 that Republicans gained House seats in consecutive elections.

Gerrymandering during the 2020 U.S. redistricting cycle had a significant impact on the 2022 election results. Republicans made gains as a result of gerrymandering in Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, and Texas, while Democrats made gains as a result of gerrymandering in Illinois, New Mexico, and Oregon. Defensive gerrymanders helped both parties hold competitive seats in various states,[18] while Republican gains in New York and Democratic gains in North Carolina and Ohio were made possible because their state supreme courts overturned gerrymanders passed by their state legislatures.[1][19][20][21]

The narrow margin by which Republicans won their House majority resulted in historic legislative difficulties in the 118th Congress. Due to a number of Republican holdouts affiliated with the conservative House Freedom Caucus, McCarthy wasn’t elected Speaker of the House until the 15th round of voting, thus marking the first time since 1923 that a speaker was not elected in the first round.[22]


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  1. ^ a b "2022 Election: Live Analysis and Results". FiveThirtyEight. November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  2. ^ "The Uncalled Races Of The 2022 Election: Live Updates". FiveThirtyEight. November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  3. ^ Hounshell, Blake (November 9, 2022). "Five Takeaways From a Red Wave That Didn't Reach the Shore". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  4. ^ Knowles, Hannah; Scherer, Michael (November 9, 2022). "Democrats show strength, leaving fight for control of Congress unresolved". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  5. ^ McGraw, Meridith (November 9, 2022). "Trump's biggest midterm bets don't pay out". Politico. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  6. ^ "Midterm Election Results for the House of Representatives 2022 | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  7. ^ Yglesias, Matthew (November 9, 2022). "Democrats did far better than expected. How come?". The Guardian. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  8. ^ Rakich, Nathaniel (November 16, 2022). "Republicans Won The House — Barely". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  9. ^ Koerth, Maggie (November 18, 2022). "So You Think You Can Explain The Election". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
  10. ^ Radcliffe, Mary (November 17, 2022). "Abortion Was Always Going To Impact The Midterms". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
  11. ^ Bender, Michael C.; Haberman, Maggie (November 10, 2022). "Trump Under Fire From Within G.O.P. After Midterms". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  12. ^ Enten, Harry (November 13, 2022). "How Joe Biden and the Democratic Party defied midterm history". CNN. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  13. ^ Wolf, Zachary B. (November 14, 2022). "These Republicans are admitting the party has an extremism problem". CNN. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  14. ^ Dougall, David Mac (November 9, 2022). "US midterm elections: What have we learned so far?". Euronews. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  15. ^ Rogers, Kaleigh (November 10, 2022). "Denying The 2020 Election Wasn't A Winning Strategy For Political Newcomers". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  16. ^ Luhby, Ariel Edwards-Levy, Tami (November 8, 2022). "Exit polls: High inflation dominates voters' views in the midterm elections | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Mishanec, Nora (November 22, 2022). "Democrats now control all House seats along the Pacific Ocean for the first time in memory". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
  18. ^ Donnini, Zachary (November 29, 2022). "Republicans Are Developing a Geography Problem in the US House". Decision Desk HQ. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  19. ^ Mejia, Elena; Rakich, Nathaniel (December 1, 2022). "Did Redistricting Cost Democrats The House?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
  20. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (November 16, 2022). "Republicans take control of the House, NBC News projects". CNBC. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  21. ^ Burnett, Sara; Colvin, Jill; Weissert, Will (November 16, 2022). "Republicans win back control of House with narrow majority". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  22. ^ Karni, Annie (January 6, 2023). "McCarthy Wins Speakership on 15th Vote After Concessions to Hard Right". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
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