African-American culture

African-American culture,[1][2] also known as Black American culture or Black culture in American English,[3][4][5][6][7] refers to the cultural expressions of African Americans, either as part of or distinct from mainstream American culture. African-American culture has been influential on American and global worldwide culture as a whole.[8][9][10] Black culture has historically labeled its arts, institutions, social and political groups, businesses and more with the Black American cultural meaning of the word Black, not a racial meaning as many people globally are racially black but have a different culture. One example of this would be the Black Panther Party, founded in the United States.

African-Americans have faced systemic and violent racism through periods of enslavement, discriminatory Jim Crow laws, segregation, as well as through the civil rights movement. This racism has led to African-Americans being excluded from many aspects of American life and these experiences have profoundly influenced African-American culture.[11][12] Moreover, even in the face of these significant challenges and other experiences of racial discrimination, African Americans have demonstrated extraordinary ingenuity in producing distinctive traditions and radical innovations in music, art, literature, religion, cuisine, and other fields. These cultural expressions often serve as powerful apparatus for advancing racial justice which shapes African-American culture.[13]

  1. ^ "Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  2. ^ "Black History and Culture". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  3. ^ "The Montgomery Advertiser 20 Feb 2020, page D6". Newspapers.com. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  4. ^ Brown, Angela (October 2013). "Cultural Perspective on African American Culture" (PDF). The International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies. 1 (2) – via AIAC.
  5. ^ "The News and Observer 22 Jan 1997, page 12". Newspapers.com. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  6. ^ "Journal and Courier 21 Sep 2008, page 13". Newspapers.com. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  7. ^ "Black is Beautiful: The Emergence of Black Culture and Identity in the 60s and 70s". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
  8. ^ Mcmanus, Melanie (May 27, 2021). "Dancing at the new National Museum of African American Music in Nashville". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  9. ^ White, Constance. "How African Americans Have Influenced Style and Culture". Time. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  10. ^ Reynolds, Marcellas (2019). Supreme Models Iconic Black Women Who Revolutionized Fashion. ABRAMS. ISBN 9781683356622.
  11. ^ Gomez, Michael Angelo (1998). Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. University of North Carolina Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-8078-6171-5.
  12. ^ "The Explosion of Culture and Arts During the Harlem Renaissance". TheCollector. October 7, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  13. ^ Morris, Aldon (July 13, 2021). "From Civil Rights to Black Lives Matter". Scientific American. Retrieved March 8, 2023.

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