Anwar Sadat

Anwar Sadat
أنور السادات
Sadat in 1980
3rd President of Egypt
In office
15 October 1970 – 6 October 1981
Acting: 28 September – 15 October 1970
Prime Minister
See list
Vice President
See list
Preceded byGamal Abdel Nasser
Succeeded bySufi Abu Taleb (acting)
Hosni Mubarak
37th Prime Minister of Egypt
In office
15 May 1980 – 6 October 1981
PresidentHimself
Preceded byMustafa Khalil
Succeeded byHosni Mubarak
In office
26 March 1973 – 25 September 1974
PresidentHimself
Preceded byAziz Sedki
Succeeded byAbdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy
Vice President of Egypt
In office
19 December 1969 – 14 October 1970
PresidentGamal Abdel Nasser
Preceded byHussein el-Shafei
Succeeded byAli Sabri
In office
17 February 1964 – 26 March 1964
PresidentGamal Abdel Nasser
Preceded byHussein el-Shafei
Succeeded byZakaria Mohieddin
Speaker of the National Assembly of Egypt
In office
21 July 1960 – 20 January 1969
PresidentGamal Abdel Nasser
Preceded byAbdel Latif Boghdadi
Succeeded byMohamed Labib Skokeir
Personal details
Born
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat
محمد أنور السادات

(1918-12-25)25 December 1918
Monufia, Sultanate of Egypt
Died6 October 1981(1981-10-06) (aged 62)
Cairo, Egypt
Manner of deathAssassination
Resting placeUnknown Soldier Memorial
Political partyNational Democratic Party
Other political
affiliations
Arab Socialist Union
Spouses
  • Eqbal Afifi[1]
    (separated)
  • (m. 1949)
[2]
Children7
Alma materUniversity of Alexandria
Signature
Military service
AllegianceEgypt
Branch/serviceKingdom of Egypt Royal Egyptian Army
Egypt Egyptian Army
Years of service1938–1952
Rank Colonel (active)
Field Marshal (honorary)

Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat[a] (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter, for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.

In his eleven years as president, he changed Egypt's trajectory, departing from many of the political and economic tenets of Nasserism, re-instituting a multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to regain Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider Arab World. Afterwards, he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Egypt–Israel peace treaty; this won him and Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first Muslim Nobel laureate. Although reaction to the treaty—which resulted in the return of Sinai to Egypt—was generally favorable among Egyptians,[6] it was rejected by the country's Muslim Brotherhood and the left, which felt Sadat had abandoned efforts to ensure a Palestinian state.[6] With the exception of Sudan, the Arab world and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) strongly opposed Sadat's efforts to make a separate peace with Israel without prior consultations with the Arab states.[6] His refusal to reconcile with them over the Palestinian issue resulted in Egypt being suspended from the Arab League from 1979 to 1989.[7][8][9][10] The peace treaty was also one of the primary factors that led to his assassination; on 6 October 1981, militants led by Khalid Islambouli opened fire on Sadat with automatic rifles during the 6 October parade in Cairo, killing him.

  1. ^ Finklestone, Joseph (2013), Anwar Sadat: Visionary Who Dared, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-19565-6, Significantly, Anwar Sadat did not mention aspects in his early life...It was in Mit Abul-Kum that Eqbal Afifi, the woman who was his wife for ten years and whom he left, was also born. Her family was of higher social standing than Anwar's, being of Turkish origin...
  2. ^ Serrieh, Joanne (9 July 2021). "Jehan Sadat, wife of late Anwar Sadat, dies after short battle with illness: Reports". Al Arabiya English. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Sadat". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  4. ^ "Sadat"[permanent dead link] (US) and "Sadat". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
  5. ^ "Sādāt". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  6. ^ a b c "Peace with Israel".
  7. ^ Graham, Nick (21 August 2010). "Middle East Peace Talks: Israel, Palestinian Negotiations More Hopeless Than Ever". HuffPost. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  8. ^ Vatikiotis, P. J. (1992). The History of Modern Egypt (4th edition ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. p. 443.
  9. ^ "The Failure at Camp David – Part III Possibilities and pitfalls for further negotiations". Textus. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  10. ^ "Egypt and Israel Sign Formal Treaty, Ending a State of War After 30 Years; Sadat and Begin Praise Carter's Role". The New York Times.


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