Back Трите големи агенции за кредитни рейтинги Bulgarian سه آژانس بزرگ رتبهبندی اعتباری Persian 三大信貸評級機構 Chinese
The Big Three credit rating agencies are S&P Global Ratings (S&P), Moody's, and Fitch Group. S&P and Moody's are based in the US, while Fitch is dual-headquartered in New York City and London, and is controlled by Hearst. As of 2013 they hold a collective global market share of "roughly 95 percent"[1] with Moody's and Standard & Poor's having approximately 40% each, and Fitch around 15%.[2]
According to an analysis by Deutsche Welle, "their special status has been cemented by law — at first only in the United States, but then in Europe as well."[1][3] From the mid-1990s until early 2003, the Big Three were the only "Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs)" in the United States — a designation meaning they were used by the US government in several regulatory areas. (Four other NRSROs merged with Fitch in the 1990s.)[4] The European Union has considered setting up a state-supported EU-based agency.[5]
The Asian credit rating market is relatively diverse. Due to the regulation by the Chinese central government, the Big Three penetration into the domestic market especially in China is considered less competitive than the local well-recognized agencies, namely China Chengxin International (CCXI), China Lianhe Credit Rating (Lianhe Ratings), Dagong Global Credit Rating, and Pengyuan Credit Rating.
- ^ a b Alessi, Christopher. "The Credit Rating Controversy. Campaign 2012". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ Hill, Claire A. (2002), "Rating Agencies Behaving Badly: The Case of Enron", Conn. L. Rev. 35, 1145
- ^ "S&P warning puts damper on Eurogroup plans". 05.07.2011. Deutsche Welle.
- ^ "U.S. SEC Report on the Role and Function of Credit Rating Agencies in the Operation of the Securities Markets" (PDF). January 2003. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ The Times, 3 June 2010, Europe launches credit ratings offensive