Constitution of Bangladesh

Constitution of Bangladesh
First page of the original Constitution of Bangladesh in Bangla
Overview
Jurisdiction Bangladesh
Ratified4 November 1972 (1972-11-04)
Date effective16 December 1972 (1972-12-16)
SystemUnitary Parliamentary Constitutional Republic
Government structure
BranchesThree (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary)
ChambersOne
ExecutivePrime Minister and cabinet responsible to the Jatiya Sangsad
JudiciarySupreme Court
FederalismNo
Electoral collegeNo
History
Amendments17
Last amended8 July 2018
LocationDhaka, Bangladesh
Author(s)Dr Kamal Hossain
Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee and other members of Constituent Assembly
Signatories404 members of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
SupersedesProclamation of Bangladeshi Independence
Full text
Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh at Wikisource

The Constitution of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানBangladesher Sambidhāna), officially the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের সংবিধানGaṇaprajātantrī Bangladesher Sambidhāna) is the supreme law of Bangladesh. The document provides the framework that demarcates the Bangladeshi republic with a unitary, parliamentary democracy, that enshrines fundamental human rights and freedoms, an independent judiciary, democratic local government and a national bureaucracy.

The four fundamental principles of the Constitution are nationalism,[1] socialism,[2] democracy[3] and secularism.[4] The Constitution endeavors to create a socialist society in which the rule of law, fundamental human rights and freedom, equality and justice, political, economic and social, is secured for all its citizens. It commits Bangladesh to "contribute to international peace and co-operation in keeping with the progressive aspirations of mankind".[5][6]

It invokes constitutional supremacy, as opposed to legislative supremacy since it was created by a constituent assembly not Parliament and was adopted by the people of Bangladesh in its preamble. Parliament cannot quash parts of the Constitution.[5]

Judicial precedent is enshrined in Bangladesh's Constitution under Article 111,[7] which makes Bangladesh an integral part of the common law world. Judicial review is also supported by the Constitution.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh on 4 November 1972 and became effective on 16 December 1972. The Constitution replaced the Proclamation of Independence as the country's fundamental instrument of government. The Constitution became effective on Bangladesh's Victory Day, precisely one year after the signing of the Instrument of Surrender.[5] The constitution has been amended 17 times since its adoption, a two-thirds supermajority is required in the Jatiya Sangsad to secure a constitutional amendment.

  1. ^ "Article 9 of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Article 10 of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Article 11 of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Article 12 of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "Preamble of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  6. ^ "Article 8 of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Article 111 of the Constitution of Bangladesh". Retrieved 18 June 2021.

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