Culture of India

Indian culture is the heritage of social norms and technologies that originated in or are associated with the ethno-linguistically diverse India, pertaining to the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and the Republic of India post-1947. The term also applies beyond India to countries and cultures whose histories are strongly connected to India by immigration, colonisation, or influence, particularly in South Asia and Southeast Asia. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country.

Indian culture, often labelled as a combination of several cultures, has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old, beginning with the Indus Valley Civilization and other early cultural areas.[1][2] There is specifically evidence for early influences from East and Southeast Asian-derived cultural areas, primarily via Austroasiatic (Mon Khmer) groups during the Neolithic period, on certain cultural and political elements of Ancient India, and which may have arrived together with the spread of rice cultivation from Mainland Southeast Asia. A significant number of ethnic minorities in Eastern India are still speaking Austroasiatic languages, most notably the Munda languages.[3][4][5][6][7]

Many elements of Indian culture, such as Indian religions, mathematics, philosophy, cuisine, languages, dance, music, and movies have had a profound impact across the Indosphere, Greater India, and the world. The British Raj further influenced Indian culture, such as through the widespread introduction of the English language,[8] and a local dialect developed.

  1. ^ John Keay (2012), India: A History, 2nd Ed – Revised and Updated, Grove Press / Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-8021-4558-1, see Introduction and Chapters 3 through 11
  2. ^ Mohammada, Malika (2007), The foundations of the composite culture in India, Aakar Books, ISBN 81-89833-18-9
  3. ^ Lévi, Sylvain; Przyluski, Jean; Bloch, Jules (1993). Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0772-9. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2021. It has been further proved that not only linguistic but also certain cultural and political facts of ancient India, can be explained by Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer) elements.
  4. ^ "How rice farming may have spread across the ancient world". www.science.org. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  5. ^ Chaubey, G.; Metspalu, M.; Choi, Y.; Magi, R.; Romero, I. G.; Soares, P.; Van Oven, M.; Behar, D. M.; Rootsi, S.; Hudjashov, G.; Mallick, C. B.; Karmin, M.; Nelis, M.; Parik, J.; Reddy, A. G. (1 February 2011). "Population Genetic Structure in Indian Austroasiatic Speakers: The Role of Landscape Barriers and Sex-Specific Admixture". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (2): 1013–1024. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq288. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 3355372. PMID 20978040.
  6. ^ Zhang, Xiaoming; Liao, Shiyu; Qi, Xuebin; Liu, Jiewei; Kampuansai, Jatupol; Zhang, Hui; Yang, Zhaohui; Serey, Bun; Sovannary, Tuot; Bunnath, Long; Seang Aun, Hong; Samnom, Ham; Kangwanpong, Daoroong; Shi, Hong; Su, Bing (20 October 2015). "Y-chromosome diversity suggests southern origin and Paleolithic backwave migration of Austro-Asiatic speakers from eastern Asia to the Indian subcontinent". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15486. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515486Z. doi:10.1038/srep15486. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4611482. PMID 26482917.
  7. ^ Arunkumar, GaneshPrasad; Wei, Lan-Hai; Kavitha, Valampuri John; Syama, Adhikarla; Arun, Varatharajan Santhakumari; Sathua, Surendra; Sahoo, Raghunath; Balakrishnan, R.; Riba, Tomo; Chakravarthy, Jharna; Chaudhury, Bapukan; Panda, Premanada; K. Das, Pradipta; Nayak, Prasanna K.; Li, Hui (12 February 2015). "A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a1-M95 from east to west". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (6): 546–560. doi:10.1111/jse.12147. ISSN 1674-4918.
  8. ^ "British legacy alive and kicking in India". Reuters. 15 August 2007. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.

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