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| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 1,048,400[1] (2021) | |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
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| Related ethnic groups | |
| Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Métis |
| Indigenous peoples in Canada |
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 Indigenous North Americas Canada portal |
First Nations (French: Premières Nations) is a term used to identify Indigenous peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis.[2][3] Traditionally, First Nations in Canada were peoples who lived south of the tree line, and mainly south of the Arctic Circle. There are 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands across Canada.[4] Roughly half are located in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia.[5]
Under Charter jurisprudence, First Nations are a "designated group," along with women, visible minorities, and people with physical or mental disabilities.[6] First Nations are not defined as a visible minority by the criteria of Statistics Canada.[7]
North American indigenous peoples have cultures spanning thousands of years. Some of their oral traditions accurately describe historical events, such as the Cascadia earthquake of 1700 and the 18th-century Tseax Cone eruption. Written records began with the arrival of European explorers and colonists during the Age of Discovery in the late 15th century.[8][9] European accounts by trappers, traders, explorers, and missionaries give important evidence of early contact culture.[10] In addition, archeological and anthropological research, as well as linguistics, have helped scholars piece together an understanding of ancient cultures and historic peoples.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (21 September 2022). "Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ^ Canada, Government of Canada; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (7 June 2011). "First Nations in Canada". www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Indigenous peoples and communities". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
The Canadian Constitution recognizes three groups of Aboriginal peoples: Indians (more commonly referred to as First Nations), Inuit and Métis. These are three distinct peoples with unique histories, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.
- ^ "Description of the AFN". Assembly of First Nations. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ "Assembly of First Nations – The Story". The Assembly of First Nations. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
- ^ "Equal Employment Opportunities". Employer Obligations. Canadian Human Rights Commission. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "Visible minority". Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017.
- ^ Woodcock, George (1989). A Social History of Canada. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-010536-0.
- ^ Wolf, Eric R. (1982). Europe and the People Without History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04898-0.
- ^ "Introduction". Codex canadiensis. Library and Archives Canada. 1 August 2006. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2009.