Goods and Services Tax (India)

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a successor to VAT used in India on the supply of goods and services. Both VAT and GST have the same taxation slabs. It is a comprehensive, multistage, destination-based tax: comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few state taxes. Multi-staged as it is, the GST is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer and as a destination-based tax, it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.

Goods and services are divided into five different tax slabs for collection of tax: 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%. However, petroleum products, alcoholic beverages, and electricity are not taxed under GST and instead are taxed separately by the individual state governments, as per the previous tax system.[1] There is a special rate of 0.25% on rough precious and semi-precious stones and 3% on gold.[2] In addition a cess of 22% or other rates on top of 28% GST applies on several items like aerated drinks, luxury cars and tobacco products.[3] Pre-GST, the statutory tax rate for most goods was about 26.5%; post-GST, most goods are expected to be in the 18% tax range.

The tax came into effect from 1 July 2017 through the implementation of the One Hundred and First Amendment to the Constitution of India by the Government of India. 1 July is celebrated as GST Day.[4] The GST replaced existing multiple taxes levied by the central and state governments.

Also, to boost GST billing in India, the Government of India, in association with state governments, has launched an "Invoice Incentive Scheme" (Mera Bill Mera Adhikaar). This will encourage the culture of customers asking for invoices and bills for all purchases. The objective of the scheme is to bring a cultural and behavioural change in the general public to ‘Ask for a Bill’ as their right and entitlement.[5][better source needed]

The tax rates, rules and regulations are governed by the GST Council which consists of the finance ministers of the central government and all the states. The GST is meant to replace a slew of indirect taxes with a federated tax and is therefore expected to reshape the country's $3.5 trillion economy, but its implementation has received criticism.[6][7] Positive outcomes of the GST includes the travel time in interstate movement, which dropped by 20%, because of disbanding of interstate check posts.[8]

  1. ^ Agrawal, Garima (2 November 2023). "Unveiling the GST Revolution: A Closer Look at Petroleum Products, Alcoholic Beverages, and Electricity". My Digital Filing. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  2. ^ "All your queries on GST answered". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  3. ^ "GST: Cars, durables face 28% rate; luxury vehicles to attract 15% cess", Business Standard, Press Trust of India, 18 May 2017, archived from the original on 26 June 2017, retrieved 3 July 2017
  4. ^ "What is GST? - Latest Government Jobs". 5 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Mera Bill Mera Adhikar - Government Scheme to Reward Consumers for Uploading GST Invoices". 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  6. ^ "Film theatres in Tamil Nadu to begin indefinite strike against GST". The Hindu. 2 July 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  7. ^ "India set to be a $7 trillion economy by 2030, powered by triple engines of rapid financialisation, clean energy transition and digital revolution". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  8. ^ "GST impact: Trucks' travel time in interstate movement drops 20%, says govt". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 30 July 2017. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.

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