Hyderabad State

State of Hyderabad
1724–1948
Flag of Hyderabad State
Flag (1947–1948)
Motto: "Al Azmat Allah"
(Greatness belongs to God)
"Ya Osman"
(Oh Osman)
Hyderabad (dark green) and Berar Province, not a part of Hyderabad State but also the Nizam's Dominion between 1853 and 1903 (light green)
Hyderabad (dark green) and Berar Province, not a part of Hyderabad State but also the Nizam's Dominion between 1853 and 1903 (light green)
StatusIndependent/Mughal Successor State (1724–1798)
Semi-indepenent under British Protection (1798–1858)
Princely state of British Raj (1858–1947)
Unrecognised Independent State (1947–1948)
CapitalAurangabad (1724–1763)
Hyderabad (1763–1948)
Official languagesPersian (1724–1886)[1]
Urdu (1886–1948)
Common languagesTelugu (48.2%)
Marathi (26.4%)
Kannada (12.3%)
Urdu (10.3%)[2][3]
Religion
Hinduism (81%)
Islam (13% and State Religion)[4]
Christianity and others (6%) (spread among Anglo-Indian population expanding to Secunderabad and Hyderabad) [5]
GovernmentAbsolute Monarchy
Nizam/Prince (1858–1947) 
• 1720–1748
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I (first)
• 1911–56
Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII (last, also was Rajpramukh from 1950)
Prime Minister 
• 1724–1730
Iwaz Khan (first)
• 1947–1948
Mir Laiq Ali (Last)
Historical era.
• Established
1724
1946
18 September 1948
1 November 1956
Area
1941[7]214,187 km2 (82,698 sq mi)
Population
• 1941[7]
16,338,534
CurrencyHyderabadi rupee
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Mughal Empire
• Viceroy of the Deccan
Hyderabad State (1948–1956)
Today part ofIndia

Hyderabad State (pronunciation)[8] was an independent monarchy/princely state located in the south-central Deccan region of Indian Subcontinent with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into the present-day state of Telangana, the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka, and the Marathwada region of Maharashtra in India.

The state was ruled from 1724 to 1857 by the Nizam, who was initially a viceroy of the Mughal empire in the Deccan. Hyderabad gradually became the first princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement. During the British rule in 1901, the state had an average revenue of Rs. 417,000,000, making it the wealthiest princely state in India.[9] The native inhabitants of Hyderabad Deccan, regardless of ethnic origin, are called "Mulki" (countryman), a term still used today.[10][11]

The dynasty declared itself an independent monarchy during the final years of the British Raj. After the Partition of India, Hyderabad signed a standstill agreement with the new dominion of India, continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian Union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage, led to India's annexation of the state in 1948.[12] Subsequently, Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th Nizam, signed an instrument of accession, joining India.[13]

On 22 February 1937, a cover story by Time called Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII the wealthiest man in the world
Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad was the Prime Minister of Hyderabad State between 1901–1912 and 1926–1937
Five rupee banknote of the Hyderabad State
  1. ^ Tariq, Rahman (10 September 2008). Urdu in Hyderabad State. Department of Languages and Cultures of Asia, UW-Madison. pp. 36 & 46. OCLC 733407091.
  2. ^ Beverley, Hyderabad, British India, and the World 2015, p. 110.
  3. ^ Benichou, Autocracy to Integration 2000, p. 20.
  4. ^ MiO'Dwyer, Michael (1988), India as I Knew it: 1885–1925, Mittal Publications, pp. 137–, GGKEY:DB7YTGYWP7W
  5. ^ Smith 1950, pp. 27–28.
  6. ^ Benichou, Autocracy to Integration 2000, Chapter 7: "'Operation Polo', the code name for the armed invasion of Hyderabad"
  7. ^ a b Husain, Mazhar (1947). Census Of India 1941 Vol-xxi H.e.h. The Nizams Dominions (hyd State).
  8. ^ Ali, Cherágh (1886). Hyderabad (Deccan) Under Sir Salar Jung. Printed at the Education Society's Press.
  9. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 13, page 277 – Imperial Gazetteer of India – Digital South Asia Library".
  10. ^ Leonard, Karen Isaksen (2007). Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5442-2.
  11. ^ Reddy, AuthorDeepika. "The 1952 Mulki agitation". Telangana Today. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  12. ^ Sherman, Taylor C. (2007), "The integration of the princely state of Hyderabad and the making of the postcolonial state in India, 1948–56" (PDF), The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 44 (4): 489–516, doi:10.1177/001946460704400404, S2CID 145000228
  13. ^ Chandra, Mukherjee & Mukherjee 2008, p. 96.

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