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Indische Euraziatischen Orang Indo | |
|---|---|
 Indos musicians performing at the 2013 Tong Tong Fair festival | |
| Total population | |
| 581,000 (2001)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Netherlands | 458,000 (2001)[1] |
| Languages | |
| Dutch and Indonesian Historically Malay,[2] Petjo and Javindo | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Christianity (Protestantism—especially Dutch Reformed or Lutheran; Roman Catholicism); minority—Judaism and Islam[3][4] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Dutch people, other Eurasians and Indonesian peoples, Afrikaners[5] | |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Indo people |
|---|
The Indo people (Dutch: Indische Euraziatischen, or Indos) are Eurasian people living in or connected with Indonesia. In its narrowest sense, the term refers to people in the former Dutch East Indies who held European legal status but were of mixed Dutch and indigenous Indonesian descent as well as their descendants today.
In the broadest sense, an Indo is anyone of mixed European and Indonesian descent. Indos are associated with colonial culture of the former Dutch East Indies, a Dutch colony in Southeast Asia and a predecessor to modern Indonesia after its proclamation of independence shortly after World War II.[6][7][8][9] The term was used to describe people acknowledged to be of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent, or it was a term used in the Dutch East Indies to apply to Europeans who had partial Asian ancestry.[9][10][11][12][13] The European ancestry of these people was predominantly Dutch, but also included Portuguese, German, British, French, Belgian and others.[14]
The term "Indo" is first recorded from 1898,[15] as an abbreviation of the Dutch term Indo-European. Other terms used at various times are 'Dutch Indonesians', 'Eurasians',[16] 'Indo-Europeans', 'Indo-Dutch'[9] and 'Dutch-Indos'.[17][18][19][20][21]
- ^ a b van Imhoff, Evert; Beets, Gijs (2004). "A demographic history of the Indo-Dutch population, 1930–2001". Journal of Population Research. 21 (1): 47–72. doi:10.1007/BF03032210. JSTOR 41110781.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
taylorwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Steijlen, Fridus (2009). Indisch en Moluks religieus leven in na-oorlogs Nederland. The Hague: Stichting Tong Tong, Indische School.
- ^ http://www.tongtong.nl/indische-school/contentdownloads/steijlen.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
KITLVwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ van Amersfoort, H. (1982). "Immigration and the formation of minority groups: the Dutch experience 1945-1975". Cambridge University Press.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Sjaardema, H. (1946). "One View on the Position of the Eurasian in Indonesian Society". The Journal of Asian Studies. 5 (2): 172–175. doi:10.2307/2049742. JSTOR 2049742. S2CID 158287493.
- ^ Bosma, U. (2012). Post-colonial Immigrants and Identity Formations in the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press. p. 198.
- ^ a b c van Imhoff, E.; Beets, G. (2004). "A demographic history of the Indo-Dutch population, 1930–2001". Journal of Population Research. 21 (1): 47–49. doi:10.1007/bf03032210. S2CID 53645470.
- ^ Lai, Selena (2002). Understanding Indonesia in the 21st Century. Stanford University Institute for International Studies. p. 12.
- ^ J. Errington, Linguistics in a Colonial World: A Story of Language, 2008, Wiley-Blackwell, p. 138
- ^ The Colonial Review. Department of Education in Tropical Areas, University of London, Institute of Education. 1941. p. 72.
- ^ Bosma, U.; Raben, R. (2008). Being "Dutch" in the Indies: a history of creolisation and empire, 1500–1920. University of Michigan, NUS Press. pp. 21, 37, 220. ISBN 978-9971-69-373-2. "Indos–people of Dutch descent who stayed in the new republic Indonesia after it gained independence, or who emigrated to Indonesia after 1949–are called 'Dutch-Indonesians'. Although the majority of the Indos are found in the lowest strata of European society, they do not represent a solid social or economic group."
- ^ van der Veur, P. (1968). "The Eurasians of Indonesia: A Problem and Challenge in Colonial History". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 9 (2): 191–207. doi:10.1017/s021778110000466x.
- ^ "Etymologiebank.nl".
- ^ Knight, G. (2012). "East of the Cape in 1832: The Old Indies World, Empire Families and "Colonial Women" in Nineteenth-century Java". Itinerario. 36: 22–48. doi:10.1017/s0165115312000356. S2CID 163411444.
- ^ Greenbaum-Kasson, E. (2011). "The long way home". The Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Betts, R. (2004). Decolonization. Psychology Press. p. 81.
- ^ Yanowa, D.; van der Haar, M. (2012). "People out of place: allochthony and autochthony in the Netherlands' identity discourse—metaphors and categories in action". Journal of International Relations and Development. 16 (2): 227–261. doi:10.1057/jird.2012.13. S2CID 145401956.
- ^ Pattynama, P. (2012). "Cultural memory and Indo-Dutch identity formations". The University of Amsterdam: 175–192.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
jakartapostwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).