Jules A. Hoffmann

Jules Alphonse Nicolas Hoffmann
Hoffmann in 2011
Born (1941-08-02) 2 August 1941 (age 82)
NationalityFrench
Alma materUniversity of Strasbourg
AwardsBalzan Prize (2007)
Keio Medical Science Prize (2010)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2011)
Gairdner Foundation International Award (2011)
Scientific career
FieldsBiology
InstitutionsCNRS, University of Strasbourg
Doctoral advisorPierre Joly

Jules Alphonse Nicolas Hoffmann (French pronunciation: [ʒyl ɔfman]; born 2 August 1941) is a Luxembourg-born French[1] biologist. During his youth, growing up in Luxembourg, he developed a strong interest in insects under the influence of his father, Jos Hoffmann. This eventually resulted in the younger Hoffmann's dedication to the field of biology using insects as model organisms.[2] He currently holds a faculty position at the University of Strasbourg.[3] He is a research director and member of the board of administrators of the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) in Strasbourg, France. He was elected to the positions of Vice-President (2005-2006) and President (2007-2008) of the French Academy of Sciences.[3] Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler were jointly awarded a half share of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity,".[4] [More specifically, the work showing increased Drosomycin expression following activation of Toll pathway in microbial infection.]

Hoffmann and Bruno Lemaitre discovered the function of the fruit fly Toll gene in innate immunity. Its mammalian homologs, the Toll-like receptors, were discovered by Beutler. Toll-like receptors identify constituents of other organisms like fungi and bacteria, and trigger an immune response, explaining, for example, how septic shock can be triggered by bacterial remains.[5][6][7]

  1. ^ "CNRS senior researcher Jules Hoffmann awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". French National Centre for Scientific Research. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  2. ^ "Jules A. Hoffmann – Nobel Lecture: The Host Defense of Insects: A Paradigm for Innate Immunity". Nobelprize.org. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Jules A. HOFFMANN". UPR9022-IBMC:Immune Response and Development in Insects. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  4. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011" (Press release). Nobel Foundation. 3 October 2011.
  5. ^ Callaway E (2011). "Nobel announcement marred by winner's death". Nature. 478 (7367): 13–4. Bibcode:2011Natur.478...13C. doi:10.1038/478013a. PMID 21979018.
  6. ^ Ronald, Pamela; Fauquet, Claude; Zhu, Li-Huang; Zhai, Wen-Xue; Wang, Bei; Gardner, J.; Holsten, Tom; Pi, Li-Ya; Kim, Han-Suk; Chen, Li-Li; Wang, Guo-Liang; Song, Wen-Yuan (15 December 1995). "A Receptor Kinase-Like Protein Encoded by the Rice Disease Resistance Gene, Xa21". Science. 270 (5243): 1804–1806. Bibcode:1995Sci...270.1804S. doi:10.1126/science.270.5243.1804. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8525370. S2CID 10548988.
  7. ^ Gomez-Gomez, L.; Boller, Thomas; et al. (2000). "FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis". Molecular Cell. 5 (6): 1003–1011. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80265-8. PMID 10911994.

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