Kinyarwanda

Kinyarwanda
Rwandan
Ikinyarwanda
Native toRwanda, Burundi, Uganda, DR Congo, Tanzania
EthnicityBanyarwanda
Native speakers
15 million (2014–2022)[1]
Dialects
  • Bufumbwa
  • Ikinyabwishya
  • Igikiga
  • Ikinyamurenge
  • Ikirera
  • Urufumbira
  • Urutwatwa
Latin
Official status
Official language in
 Rwanda
Language codes
ISO 639-1rw
ISO 639-2kin
ISO 639-3kin
Glottologkiny1244
JD.61[2]
Linguasphere99-AUS-df
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PersonUmunyarwanda
PeopleAbanyarwanda
LanguageIkinyarwanda

Kinyarwanda,[3] Rwandan or Rwanda, officially known as Ikinyarwanda,[4] is a Bantu language and the national language of Rwanda.[5] It is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language that is also spoken in Burundi and adjacent parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda (where there is a dialect known as Rufumbira or Urufumbira) and Tanzania. Kinyarwanda is universal among the native population of Rwanda and is mutually intelligible with Kirundi, the national language of neighbouring Burundi.[6] Kinyabwishya and Kinyamulenge are mutually intelligible dialects spoken in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces of neighbouring DR Congo.

In 2010, the Rwanda Academy of Language and Culture (RALC)[7] was established to help promote and sustain Kinyarwanda. The organization attempted an orthographic reform in 2014, but it was met with pushback due to their perceived top-down and political nature, among other reasons.[8]

  1. ^ Kinyarwanda at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ Pronounced /ˌkɪnjərəˈwɑːndə/, /-ruˈændə/, /-ruˈɑːndə/, /ˌknjə-/; Kinyarwanda: Ikinyarwanda [i.ci.ɲɑ.ɾɡwɑː.ndɑ]
  4. ^ Official Gazette n° Special of 24/12/2015, p. 31, https://www.aripo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/RWANDA_CONSTITUTION_NEW_2015_Official_Gazette_no_Special_of_24.12.2015.pdf
  5. ^ "Rwanda", Ethnologue, 27th Ed.
  6. ^ "Rundi", Ethnologue, 27th Ed.
  7. ^ Official Gazette n° Special of 27/07/2012, p. 37, https://docplayer.net/14679534-Ibirimo-summary-sommaire.html
  8. ^ Niyomugabo, Cyprien; Uwizeyimana, Valentin (20 March 2017). "A top–down orthography change and language attitudes in the context of a language-loyal country". Language Policy. 17 (3): 307–318. doi:10.1007/s10993-016-9427-x. ISSN 1568-4555. S2CID 151319065.

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