Liaoning

Liaoning
辽宁
Province of Liaoning
Name transcription(s)
 • Chinese辽宁省 (Liáoníng Shěng)
 • AbbreviationLN / (pinyin: Liáo)
Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong
Map showing the location of Liaoning Province
Map showing the location of Liaoning Province
Coordinates: 41°06′N 122°18′E / 41.1°N 122.3°E / 41.1; 122.3
CountryChina
Named for Liáo—"Liao (River)"
níng—"pacification"
"Pacified of the Liao (River)"
Capital
(and largest city)
Shenyang
Divisions14 prefectures, 100 counties, 1511 townships
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyLiaoning Provincial People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryHao Peng
 • Congress chairmanHao Peng
 • GovernorLi Lecheng
 • CPPCC chairmanZhou Bo
Area
 • Total145,900 km2 (56,300 sq mi)
 • Rank21st
Highest elevation1,336 m (4,383 ft)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total42,591,407
 • Rank14th
 • Density290/km2 (760/sq mi)
  • Rank15th
Demographics
 • Ethnic compositionHan – 84%
Manchu – 13%
Mongol – 2%
Hui – 0.6%
Korean – 0.6%
Xibe – 0.3%
 • Languages and dialectsNortheastern Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin, Pyongan Korean, Manchu
GDP[3]
 • TotalCN¥ 2.511 trillion
US$ 364 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 58,967
US$ 8,546
ISO 3166 codeCN-LN
HDI (2019)Increase 0.774[4] (high) (7th)
Websiteln.gov.cn
Liaoning
"Liaoning" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese辽宁
Traditional Chinese遼寧
Literal meaning"Pacified of the Liao (River)"
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣᠮᠨᡳᠩ
ᠮᡤᠣᠯᠣ
RomanizationLiyoo'ning golo
Fengtian / Mukden Province
Chinese name
Chinese奉天
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠮᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᠮᡤᠣᠯᠣ
RomanizationAbkai-imiyangga golo

Liaoning[a] is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

Historically a gateway between China proper and Manchuria, the modern Liaoning province was established in 1907 as Fengtian or Fengtien province and was renamed Liaoning in 1929. It was also known at that time as Mukden Province for the Manchu name of Shengjing, the former name of Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored for a brief time in 1945 and then again in 1954.

Liaoning borders the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and Bohai Sea in the south, North Korea's North Pyongan and Chagang provinces in the southeast, Jilin to the northeast, Hebei to the southwest, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the province's border with North Korea, emptying into the Korea Bay between Dandong in Liaoning and Sinuiju in North Korea. Liaoning is also one of China's leading provinces in research and education. As of 2023, two major cities in Liaoning ranked in the world's top 200 cities (Dalian 37th and Shenyang 124th) by scientific research output, as tracked by Nature Index.[6]

  1. ^ "Doing Business in China – Survey". Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  2. ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  3. ^ GDP-2020 is a preliminary data "Home – Regional – Quarterly by Province" (Press release). China NBS. March 1, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  5. ^ "Liaoning". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021.
  6. ^ "Leading 200 science cities 2023| | Supplements". Nature Index. Retrieved 2024-01-19.


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