Macau

Macau
澳門
Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
Other official names
  • Chinese:中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區
    Cantonese Yale romanisation:Jūng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok Oumún Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui
    Portuguese:Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China
Location of Macau within China
Location of Macau within China
Sovereign stateChina
Portuguese lease1557
Treaty of Peking1 December 1887
Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration26 March 1987
Handover of Macau20 December 1999
Largest parish
by population
Nossa Senhora de Fátima
Official languages
Ethnic groups
(2016)
88.4% Han Chinese
4.6% Filipino
2.4% Vietnamese
1.7% Portuguese
2.8% other[3]
Demonym(s)Macau[c]
GovernmentDevolved executive-led government within a unitary one-party state[6]
Ho Iat Seng
André Cheong Weng Chon
Kou Hoi In
Sam Hou Fai
LegislatureLegislative Assembly
National representation
12 deputies
29 delegates[7]
Area
• Total
115.3 km2 (44.5 sq mi)
• Water (%)
73.7
Highest elevation172.4 m (565.6 ft)
Population
• 2022 estimate
672,800
• Density
20,300/km2 (52,576.8/sq mi) (1st)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $69.565 billion[8] (115th)
• Per capita
Increase $98,157[8] (9th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $38.480 billion[8] (100th)
• Per capita
Increase $54,295[8] (23rd)
Gini (2018)36.0[9]
medium
HDI (2019)Increase 0.922[d]
very high · 17th
CurrencyMacanese pataca (MOP)
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (Macau Standard Time)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
yyyy年mm月dd日
Mains electricity220 V–50 Hz
Driving sideleft
Calling code+853
ISO 3166 code
Internet TLD
Licence plate prefixesNone for local vehicles, 粤Z for cross-boundary vehicles

Macau[e] or Macao[f] is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With a population of about 680,000[11] and an area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world.

Formerly a Portuguese colony, the territory of Portuguese Macau was first leased by the Ming dynasty to Portugal as a trading post in 1557. Portugal paid an annual rent and administered the territory under Chinese sovereignty until 1887.

Portugal later gained perpetual colonial rights in the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking. The colony remained under Portuguese rule until the 1999 handover to China. Macau is a special administrative region of China, which maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems".[12] The unique blend of Portuguese and Chinese architecture in the city's historic centre has resulted in its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2005.[13]

Originally a sparsely populated collection of coastal islands,[14] Macau, often referred to as the "Las Vegas of the East", since the late 20th century has become a major resort city and a top destination for gambling tourism. Its gambling industry is seven times larger than that of Las Vegas.[15] The city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, US$43,770 in 2021,[16] and its GDP per capita by purchasing power parity is one of the highest in the world.[17][18]

It has a very high Human Development Index, as calculated by the Macau government,[10] and the fourth-highest life expectancy in the world.[19] The territory is highly urbanised; two-thirds of the total land area is built on land reclaimed from the sea.[20]

  1. ^ a b "Macau" Archived 24 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference official-lang was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Population By-Census 2016, p. 6.
  4. ^ "What are the characteristics of Macanese people?". Macau Daily Times. 10 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  5. ^ Clayton, Cathryn H. (2010). Sovereignty at the Edge: Macau & the Question of Chineseness. Harvard University Press. pp. 110113. ISBN 978-0674035454.
  6. ^ "China (People's Republic of) 1982 (rev. 2004)". Constitute project. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  7. ^ "Local NPC Deputies' Election Slated for Dec 17". Macau News. 27 November 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Macao)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  9. ^ "The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  10. ^ a b Macao in Figures 2021, p. 4
  11. ^ "Macao Population (2020)". Worldometer. Archived from the original on 23 December 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  12. ^ Landler 1999.
  13. ^ "Historic Centre of Macao". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  14. ^ du Cros 2009, p. 75.
  15. ^ Sheng & Gu 2018, p. 72.
  16. ^ "Macao: GDP per capita 2000-2027". Statista. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  17. ^ "'GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)', World Development Indicators database". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  18. ^ Sheng & Gu 2018, pp. 77–78.
  19. ^ "Macau". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  20. ^ Grydehøj 2015, p. 102.


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