Montreal

Montreal
Montréal (French)
Ville de Montréal
Official logo of Montreal
Nickname(s): 
Motto: 
Concordia Salus ("well-being through harmony")
Map
Interactive map of Montreal
Coordinates: 45°30′32″N 73°33′15″W / 45.50889°N 73.55417°W / 45.50889; -73.55417[5]
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionMontreal
Urban agglomerationMontreal
FoundedMay 17, 1642
Incorporated1832
ConstitutedJanuary 1, 2002
Named forMount Royal
Boroughs
Government
 • TypeMontreal City Council
 • MayorValérie Plante
 • Federal riding
 • Provincial riding
 • MPs
Area
 • City431.50 km2 (166.60 sq mi)
 • Land365.13 km2 (140.98 sq mi)
 • Urban1,293.99 km2 (499.61 sq mi)
 • Metro4,604.26 km2 (1,777.71 sq mi)
Highest elevation
233 m (764 ft)
Lowest elevation
6 m (20 ft)
Population
 (2021)[8]
 • City1,762,949 (2nd)
 • Density4,828.3/km2 (12,505/sq mi)
 • Metro4,291,732 (2nd)
 • Metro density919/km2 (2,380/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Montrealer
Montréalais(e)[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Postal codes
  • H1A, H1C-H3N, H3S-H3W, H4A-H4T, H4Z-H5B, H8R-H8Z, H9C-H9E, H9H, H9K
Area code(s)514 and 438 and 263
PoliceSPVM
GDP (Montreal CMA)C$221.9 billion (2018)[13]
GDP per capita (Montreal CMA)C$48,289 (2022)[14]
Websitemontreal.ca/en/ Edit this at Wikidata

Montreal (CA: /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ MUN-tree-AWL; French: Montréal [mɔ̃ʁeal] ) is the second most populous city in Canada, the tenth most populous city in North America, and the most populous city in the province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary",[15] it is named after Mount Royal,[16] the triple-peaked hill around which the early city of Ville-Marie was built.[17] The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which obtained its name from the same origin as the city,[18][19] and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. The city is 196 km (122 mi) east of the national capital, Ottawa, and 258 km (160 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, Quebec City.

As of 2021, the city has a population of 1,762,949,[20] and a metropolitan population of 4,291,732,[21] making it the second-largest city, and second-largest metropolitan area in Canada. French is the city's official language.[22][23] In 2021, 85.7% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 90.2% could speak it in the metropolitan area.[24][25] Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 58.5% of the population able to speak both English and French.[26]

Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s.[27] Montreal remains an important centre of art, culture, literature, film and television, music, commerce, aerospace, transport, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, tourism, food, fashion, video game development, and world affairs. Montreal is the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and was named a UNESCO City of Design in 2006.[28][29] In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th-most liveable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit in its annual Global Liveability Ranking,[30] although it slipped to rank 40 in the 2021 index, primarily due to stress on the healthcare system from the COVID-19 pandemic.[31] It is regularly ranked as a top ten city in the world to be a university student in the QS World University Rankings.[32]

Montreal has hosted multiple international conferences and events, including the 1967 International and Universal Exposition and the 1976 Summer Olympics.[33][34] It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics. In 2018, Montreal was ranked as a global city.[35] The city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One;[36] the Montreal International Jazz Festival,[37] the largest jazz festival in the world;[38] the Just for Laughs festival, the largest comedy festival in the world;[39] and Les Francos de Montréal, the largest French-language music festival in the world.[40] In sports, it is home to the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, who have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other team.

  1. ^ "Quebec's Metropolis 1960–1992". Montreal Archives. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  2. ^ Gagné, Gilles (May 31, 2012). "La Gaspésie s'attable dans la métropole". Le Soleil (in French). Quebec City. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  3. ^ Leclerc, Jean-François (2002). "Montréal, la ville aux cent clochers : regards des Montréalais sur leurs lieux de culte". Éditions Fides (in French). Quebec City.
  4. ^ "Lonely Planet Montreal Guide – Modern History". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
  5. ^ "Montreal". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference mamrot was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census; Montreal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Census Profile, 2021 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2011-PC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2011-CA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2016-CA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Poirier, Jean. "Island of Montréal". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 27, 2017). "Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA)". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  14. ^ "Why Calgary? Our Economy in Depth" (PDF). Calgary Economic Development. June 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  15. ^ "Old Montréal / Centuries of History". April 2000. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
  16. ^ "Mount Royal Park – Montreal's Mount Royal Park or Parc du Mont-Royal". montreal.about.com. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  17. ^ "Montreal". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  18. ^ "Island of Montreal". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  19. ^ Poirier, Jean (1979), Île de Montréal, vol. 5, Quebec: Canoma, pp. 6–8
  20. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Montréal, Ville (V) [Census subdivision], Quebec". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  21. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 15, 2017). "Illustrated Glossary - Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA)". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  22. ^ Chapter 1, article 1, "Charte de la Ville de Montréal" (in French). 2008. Archived from the original on June 5, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  23. ^ Chapter 1, article 1, "Charter of Ville de Montréal". 2008. Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
  24. ^ "Profil du recensement, Recensement de 2016 - Montréal, Ville [Subdivision de recensement], Québec et Québec [Province]". February 8, 2017. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  25. ^ "Profil du recensement, Recensement de 2016 – Montréal [Région métropolitaine de recensement], Québec et Québec [Province]" (in French). Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2016-CD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ "City of Toronto, History Resources". City of Toronto. October 23, 2000. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  28. ^ "Montreal, Canada appointed a UNESCO City of Design" (PDF). UNESCO. June 7, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  29. ^ Wingrove, Josh (June 9, 2008). "Vancouver and Montreal among 25 most livable cities". The Globe and Mail. Canada. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  30. ^ "Montreal Ranked Top Most Livable City". Herald Sun. August 30, 2017. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017. The EIU's annual report, which ranks 140 major cities around the world based on their liveability, found Melbourne, Australia to be the most liveable city in the world. [...] Montreal doesn't make the list until number 12
  31. ^ "The Global Liveability Index 2021 - How the Covid-19 pandemic affected liveability worldwide" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. June 8, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
  32. ^ "QS Best Student Cities 2017". Top Universities. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  33. ^ "Montreal 1976". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  34. ^ www.ixmedia.com. "Articles | Encyclopédie du patrimoine culturel de l'Amérique française – histoire, culture, religion, héritage". www.ameriquefrancaise.org (in French). Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  35. ^ "The World According to GaWC". 2018. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  36. ^ "Circuit Gilles Villeneuve". Circuit Gilles Villeneuve Official Website. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  37. ^ "About – Festival International de Jazz de Montréal". www.montrealjazzfest.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  38. ^ "Largest jazz festival". Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  39. ^ "Just For Laughs Festival". www.tourisme-montreal.org. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  40. ^ "FrancoFolies de Montréal: A large Francophone music festival". Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2021.

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