Navassa Island

Navassa Island
Lanavaz (Haitian Creole)
Île de la Navasse (French)
Image of Navassa Island
Image of Navassa Island
Navassa Island is located in Caribbean
Navassa Island
Navassa Island
Location in the Caribbean
Coordinates: 18°24′10″N 75°0′45″W / 18.40278°N 75.01250°W / 18.40278; -75.01250
Administered by United States
StatusUnorganized unincorporated territory
TerritoryUnited States Minor Outlying Islands
Claimed by Haiti
DepartmentGrand'Anse
Claimed by Haiti
  • 1697 (implicitly)
  • 1874 (explicitly)
Claimed by the United StatesSeptember 19, 1857
Government
 • BodyCaribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex (under the authority of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
 • Project LeaderSilmarie Padrón
Area
 • Total2.1 sq mi (5.4 km2)
 • Water0 sq mi (0 km2)
Highest elevation
85 ft (26 m)
Lowest elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Population
0
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern Time Zone)
APO / Zip Code
96898

Navassa Island (/nəˈvæsə/; Haitian Creole: Lanavaz; French: Île de la Navasse, sometimes la Navase) is a small uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea. Located northeast of Jamaica, south of Cuba, and 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) west of Jérémie on the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti, it is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute between Haiti and the United States, which administers the island through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[1]

The U.S. has claimed the island, as an appurtenance, since 1857, based on the Guano Islands Act of 1856.[2][3] Haiti's claim over Navassa goes back to the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 that recognised French, rather than Spanish, control of the western portion of the island of Hispaniola and other specifically named nearby islands.[4] However, there was no mention of Navassa in the treaty detailing terms.[5] Haiti's 1801 constitution claimed several nearby islands by name, among which Navassa was not listed, but also laid claim to "other adjacent islands", which Haiti maintains included Navassa. The U.S. claim to the island, first made in 1857, asserts that Navassa was not included among the unnamed "other adjacent islands" in the Haitian Constitution of 1801. Since the Haitian Constitution of 1874, Haiti has explicitly named "la Navase" as one of the territories it claims, and maintains that it has been claimed as part of Haiti continuously since 1801.[6][7][8][9] The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) code for the island, as part of the US Minor Outlying Islands, is ISO 3166-2:UM-76.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference U.S. Government Printing Office was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Blocher, Joseph; Gulati, Mitu (2022). "Navassa: Property, Sovereignty, and the Law of the Territories". Yale Law Journal. 131 (8): Introduction.
  3. ^ "Navassa Island: The U.S.'s 160-year Forgotten Tragedy | History News Network". historynewsnetwork.org. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  4. ^ Spadi, Fabio. "NAVASSA: LEGAL NIGHTMARES IN A BIOLOGICAL HEAVEN?". IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin, Autumn 2001. p. 116. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  5. ^ "Navassa: America's Forgotten Caribbean Island". The Institute of World Politics. February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference windows on haiti navassa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Constitution de 1874. Port-au-Prince: Haiti.
  8. ^ An America Territory in Haiti, Posted September 29, 2011, CNN iReport
  9. ^ Serge Bellegarde (October 1998). "Navassa Island: Haiti and the U.S. – A Matter of History and Geography". windowsonhaiti.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2008.

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