Ottoman Serbia

Ottoman Serbia
Историја Србије у Османском царству (Serbian)
1459–1804
1) Map of contemporary Serbia (including Kosovo) over 18th century map with Sanjak of Smederevo in   and the rest of the Ottoman Empire in   2) German 1877 ethnographic map of Rumelia.
Common languagesSerbian
Religion
Sunni Islam (official)
Christianity (Serbian Orthodox Church, Roman Catholicism)
Demonym(s)Serb
Government
Beylerbey, Pasha, Agha, Dey 
History 
• Conquest of Smederevo
1459
1804
Today part ofSerbia

The majority of what is now the Republic of Serbia was incorporated in the Ottoman Empire (as eyalets or as vassal states) from the mid 15th century until the early 19th century. From the early 18th century, Vojvodina was no longer incorporated in the empire as it was ceded to the Habsburgs.

In the 15th century, the Serbian Despotate was conquered by the Ottoman Empire as part of the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. The Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Maritsa in 1371, making vassals of the southern governors. Soon thereafter, Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V died. As he was childless and the nobility could not agree on a rightful heir, the empire was subsequently ruled by semi-independent provincial lords, who often feuded with one other. The most powerful of these, Lazar of Serbia, Duke of a region that now encompasses central Serbia, had not yet fallen under Ottoman rule and confronted them at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. The outcome of the battle was the mutual annihilation of both armies, but Serbia did eventually fall to the Ottomans. Stefan Lazarević, son of Lazar, succeeded him as ruler but had by 1394 become an Ottoman vassal. In 1402 he renounced Ottoman rule and became an ally of Hungary, and the years that followed were characterized by the Ottomans and Hungary battling over the territory of Serbia. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, and in 1458 Athens. In 1459, Serbia was annexed, followed by Greece a year later.

Several minor, unsuccessful and short-lived revolts broke out against Ottoman rule, mostly with the help of the Habsburgs:

In 1799, the dahia (janissary leaders, high-status infantry in the provinces) took over the Sanjak of Smederevo, renouncing the Sultan and imposing higher taxes. In 1804, they murdered the most notable intellectuals and nobles, known as the Slaughter of the Dukes. In retaliation, the Serbs took arms and by 1806 had killed or driven out all of the dahia, but the fight did not stop. When the Sultan sent the new Pasha into the province, the Serbs killed him. The revolt continued, in what would be known as the First Serbian Uprising, with the Serbs under Karađorđe defeating the Turks in several battles, liberating most of Central Serbia. An unsuccessful rebellion followed in 1814, and in 1815 the Second Serbian Uprising began. In 1817, Serbia was de facto independent as the Principality of Serbia.


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